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▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
在英語中不定式最常用于質(zhì)詞"to"之后, 例如在 "to walk", "to cry", "to eat", "to fear".這種用法叫做to-infinitive。莎士比亞在著作哈姆雷特的獨白時就大量采用了這類不定式動詞。
To be or not to be ...
To sleep, perchance to dream ...
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
經(jīng)常跟在to后形成不定式的動詞包括:
例如:
I arranged to stay the night. ("我已安定好今晚留在這里。")
We intend to go skiing this weekend. ("我們打算這個周末去滑雪。")
I swear to honour you. ("我發(fā)誓為你增光。")
He sought to notify them of this new occurrence.
這些有賓詞,然后加上有to的不定式的動詞包括 (連同以上帶有星號的動詞): advise, allow, challenge, command, compel, condemn, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, induce, inspire, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, program, remind, teach, tell, train, urge, warn.
有些動詞之后加 for + 賓詞 + to-然后不定式. 通常這些動詞包含渴望的意思,不能單單在后面加上賓詞和不定式 (though an infinitive alone may work). 這些動詞包括 apply, arrange, ask, call, clamour, long, opt, plead, press, vote, wait, wish, yearn.
例如:
I have arranged for the neighbour to water the plants. (“我已安排好鄰居給植物給水?!保?/p>
I pleaded for him to accompany me to the theatre. (“我懇求他陪我去看戲?!保?/p>
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
在情態(tài)動詞及助動詞后的不定式不帶to.例如:
I can do it myself.我自己干得了.
Will you please close the window
請你關(guān)上窗戶,好嗎
He didn’t go home last night.昨晚,他沒有回家.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
在see,watch,notice,look at,listen to,hear,feel等感官動詞的后面作賓語補足語時.例如:
Did you see him come out of the hotel just now你剛才看見他從旅館出來了嗎
I heard her lock the door.我聽見她鎖了門.
但是,上述情況只是出現(xiàn)在主動句中,在被動句中必須帶上to.例如:
He was noticed to enter the office.有人看見他進(jìn)了辦公室.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
在 make,let,have等使役動詞之后作賓語補足語時.例如:
She lets us meet her at the bus station.她要我們?nèi)テ囓囌窘铀?
Don’t make the students do so much homework..別讓學(xué)生做那么多的作業(yè).
與感官動詞一樣,在被動句中的使役動詞必須和帶to的不定式連用.例如:
I was made to try it again.有人要我再試一次.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
在help后作賓語補足語用的不定式前的小品詞to,可帶,也可不帶.例如:
She helped her mother(to)clean the house yesterday afternoon.昨天下午,她幫助她母親打掃屋子.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
had better后的不定式符號to要省略.例如:
We had better start now.我們最好立即動身.
You had better not talk in class.你最好別在課堂上說話.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
would rather/sooner,rather/sooner than 后的不定式符號to要省略.例如:
We would rather/sooner stay at home.我們寧可呆在家里.
He prefers to drink some water rather/sooner than drink a coffee.他寧可喝些水,也不愿喝一杯咖啡.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
“Why not ”結(jié)構(gòu)中,緊隨其后的動詞不定式不帶to.例如:
Why not ask the man over there
為什么不那邊的這個人
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的不定式連在一起時,只須在第一個不定式前加to,后面的不定式通常省略to.例如:
I want you to stand beside me and hold the stick.我想要你站在我身邊扶住這根棍子.
He told me to finish my homework and(to)hand it in.他告訴我完成作業(yè)并把它交上去.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式
but 和 except跟在“do + anything/nothing/everything”后面時,通常與不帶to的不定式連用.例如:
I could do nothing but lie down.我別無選擇,只能躺下.
My pet dog does everything except speak.我的寵物狗除了不能說話以外,什么事都會做.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:"To"-不定式的省略
1) 情態(tài)動詞 ( 除ought 外,ought to):
2) 使役動詞 let, have, make:
3) 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補,省略to。
注意:在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4) would rather,had better:
5) Why… / why not…:
6) help 可帶to,也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth:
7) but和except:but前是動詞do時,后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。
8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式,第二個to 可以省去:
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后,可以省去to be:
He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個好人。
舉例:
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較: He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change
A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
答案:D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式,因此選D。
2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案:B. make后接不帶to 的動詞不定式,當(dāng)其用于被動時,to 不可省略。
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:動詞不定式的完成進(jìn)行式
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:動詞不定式的完成式
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:動詞不定式的被動式
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:動詞不定式的進(jìn)行式
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