無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì),大家都嘗試過寫作吧,借助寫作也可以提高我們的語(yǔ)言組織能力。范文怎么寫才能發(fā)揮它最大的作用呢?接下來(lái)小編就給大家介紹一下優(yōu)秀的范文該怎么寫,我們一起來(lái)看一看吧。
托福閱讀句型篇一
1.簡(jiǎn)單句定義:如果
句子
只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),句子各個(gè)成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)
表示。2. 復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句的分析
方法
:對(duì)于難度較大的簡(jiǎn)單句,閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,將長(zhǎng)句變成短句,將句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子變成句型結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的句子。3. 復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句解析:
(1)不定式及不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文譯文:督促人們?yōu)樽约旱男袨樨?fù)責(zé)是十分重要的。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:不定式短語(yǔ)to hold people accountable for their action 做主語(yǔ)。
(2)動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
例2. it involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文譯文:它涉及到探究深層次的關(guān)注,想出有創(chuàng)造性的解決方案,以及當(dāng)利益矛盾時(shí),做出交易和妥協(xié)。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是it,謂語(yǔ)是involves,三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)(屬于平行結(jié)構(gòu))。在閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 與b 同義或近義,所以只要認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)詞就能猜測(cè)出另一個(gè)詞的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。
(3)后置定語(yǔ)
例3. the most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文譯文:做這件事最常用的方法是談判,一種想要達(dá)成一致的交流的行為。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:the most common procedure for doing this 是主語(yǔ)從句;過去分詞短語(yǔ)intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定語(yǔ),the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位語(yǔ),對(duì)negotiation 進(jìn)行解釋。
in order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)
大家先自己理解,多想想,先別看解析,看不明白,再看下面的解析。
(in order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )
老邪分析:一個(gè)句子重點(diǎn)在于主干,看懂了主干,就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干為句子中紅色部分,括號(hào)里均是修飾成分。
修飾一:(in order for the structure),介詞短語(yǔ)
修飾二:(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose),非謂語(yǔ)做形容詞性修飾structure
修飾三:(because they are based on physical laws),插入語(yǔ),插入語(yǔ)記得先跳過去,斷句別出問題,that和have changed是在一起的。
(老師,啥叫插入語(yǔ)?嗯,好問題,改天我專門講講這些概念。上過課并認(rèn)真聽的同學(xué),你懂的。)
修飾四:(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.從句修飾support
修飾五:(even while building materials have changed dramatically. ),從句
括號(hào)外面的是主干:architectureemploys methods of support,注意support這里是名詞。
已經(jīng)拆成這么短了,你再試試看,應(yīng)該能看懂了吧?其實(shí)在理解句子的時(shí)候比較容易犯錯(cuò)在于斷句和語(yǔ)序,語(yǔ)序和中文有差異,下次我講修飾成分的時(shí)候一并講。
參考翻譯:為了使結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到必要的大小和強(qiáng)度去滿足它的目的,建筑學(xué)上使用了一些支撐的方法,因?yàn)檫@些方法都是基于物理定律,所以盡管建筑材料已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化,這些方法卻自人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以來(lái)就沒有什么變化。
大家在看長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候,多思考,一個(gè)句子為什么這么長(zhǎng),常見的修飾成分到底有哪些?其實(shí)不多,連詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞以及同位語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)。
今天我們來(lái)看這樣一個(gè)句子:
fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, og)
voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 寬松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或
魔術(shù)
師用的)魔杖costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服裝, 服裝式樣
fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析:
修飾一:(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore),從句,修飾dance,大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)這里還有一個(gè)從句哦。
中文:專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色
修飾二:(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms),從句,修飾前面skirts or draperies,其實(shí)是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文:她主要通過手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng)
修飾三:(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,修飾arms。主要這里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修飾wands
中文:有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長(zhǎng)
主干:括號(hào)外面的,fullerdevised a type of dance
參考翻譯:fuller設(shè)計(jì)了一種(專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色)的舞蹈,在舞蹈中,她主要通過手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng),有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長(zhǎng)。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,大家務(wù)必想清楚,每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么,才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
閱讀速度大部分來(lái)于短時(shí)間內(nèi)理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。
大家在看長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候,多思考,一個(gè)句子為什么這么長(zhǎng),常見的修飾成分到底有哪些?其實(shí)不多,連詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞以及同位語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ),上過課的同學(xué)懂得。
大家別急,把一句一句弄明白,弄懂一個(gè)句子勝過模糊看懂十個(gè)句子。希望大家認(rèn)真看我的分析。
今天我們來(lái)看這樣一個(gè)句子:
her dancing also attracted the attention of french poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, og)
appeal v.懇求,呼吁;(對(duì)某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感興趣;上訴
for one’s sake為了…的緣故
synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成,綜合
這里是分界線,先自己分析哦。
her dancing also attracted the attention (of french poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)
老邪分析:
修飾一:(of french poets and painters),介詞短語(yǔ),修飾the attention。大家注意英文喜歡把修飾成分放在后面,這個(gè)很重要。
中文:法國(guó)詩(shī)人和花季。
修飾二:(of the period) ,介詞短語(yǔ),修飾french poets and painters,也是放在后面哦。
修飾三:(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),同位語(yǔ),用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面的belief,這個(gè)同位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)放在這里分割了原句,大家斷句的時(shí)候要注意。
中文:一個(gè)19世紀(jì)的思想:藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來(lái)的道德或
教育
利益更有價(jià)值。修飾四:(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.),從句,表示原因,大家注意我把同位語(yǔ)去掉了(因?yàn)椴恢匾?,這樣更能看清重要內(nèi)容。這里有一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu),是一個(gè)a, b, and c結(jié)構(gòu),不知道大家在看的時(shí)候有沒有看出來(lái),a= their liking for mystery,b= their belief in art for art’ssake,c= their efforts to synthesize form and content,插入語(yǔ)解釋b。
中文:因?yàn)樗怂麄儗?duì)于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力
主干:括號(hào)外面的,her dancing also attracted the attention
參考翻譯:
她的舞蹈還吸引了當(dāng)時(shí)法國(guó)一些詩(shī)人和畫家的注意,因?yàn)樗怂麄儗?duì)于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰(這是一個(gè)19世紀(jì)的思想:藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來(lái)的道德或教育利益更有價(jià)值)以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和同位語(yǔ),大家務(wù)必想清楚,每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么,才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
托福閱讀高分技巧之復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句相關(guān)文章:
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