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高考新題型指導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法填空答案篇一
語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空是全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷2014年新增題型，這一題型的出現(xiàn)改變了以往用單項(xiàng)填空來(lái)考查語(yǔ)法的形式，代之以在短文或者在以具體生活情境為內(nèi)容的對(duì)話中考查語(yǔ)法的靈活運(yùn)用，難度顯然要高于原來(lái)的單項(xiàng)填空。
語(yǔ)法填空又稱之為開放式語(yǔ)篇填空，這一題型的測(cè)試是根據(jù)德國(guó)心理學(xué)家的格式塔心理學(xué)原理和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家布朗的語(yǔ)篇分析理論等，從語(yǔ)法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)法形式、詞匯的本義和轉(zhuǎn)義以及前后綴的變化、語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)篇的線索以及標(biāo)志詞等方面測(cè)試學(xué)生的整體語(yǔ)篇能力。
本題型是在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)篇中空出10個(gè)空，要求考生在理解上下文情景的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)單詞提示寫出單詞的正確形式，或根據(jù)對(duì)原文的理解填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容，所填內(nèi)容不超過三個(gè)詞。本題每小題1.5分，滿分15分。
語(yǔ)法填空同時(shí)具有單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空兩種題型的特點(diǎn)。單項(xiàng)填空側(cè)重考查學(xué)生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握程度，但它局限于考查詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在簡(jiǎn)單情境中的運(yùn)用，對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力的考查有限。和單項(xiàng)填空相比，語(yǔ)法填空則側(cè)重考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)在具體篇章或?qū)υ捴械倪\(yùn)用，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的交際功能。完形填空僅側(cè)重考查詞匯在語(yǔ)篇、語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用過程，而語(yǔ)法填空除了考查詞匯外，更側(cè)重考查功能語(yǔ)法，即側(cè)重考查語(yǔ)言的交際功能。從題型的形式看，完形填空給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中必有一個(gè)供學(xué)生選擇的正確選項(xiàng)，而語(yǔ)法填空只給出空缺，沒有選項(xiàng)，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和自身已掌握的語(yǔ)法與詞匯知識(shí)來(lái)填空，這對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的提取和運(yùn)用提出了更高的要求。
解答語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空，考生需要具有全局觀，首先掌握文章的內(nèi)容和主題，然后合理地運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)法及詞匯知識(shí)進(jìn)行解題。
1. 通讀全文或者對(duì)話，理解大意。
瀏覽全文的目的是把握其大意，為下一步“填空”做好“語(yǔ)義”上的準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)椤罢Z(yǔ)義”決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)什么意思的詞語(yǔ)以及應(yīng)該采用什么樣的語(yǔ)法形式。
如果是對(duì)話形式，考生首先要確定對(duì)話雙方的人物關(guān)系以及談話的主要情境、語(yǔ)氣等，這樣有利于對(duì)空白處細(xì)節(jié)的理解和把握。
如果是短文形式，在通讀全文的過程中，為較好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清該文的體裁、題材(話題)、中心思想、寫作主線、段落層次等。對(duì)這些問題的了解，有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”時(shí)進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。
2. 邊讀邊填，先易后難。
在通讀全文、基本了解文章大意之后，就可以動(dòng)手填空了。填空的過程是一個(gè)判斷空白處應(yīng)填詞語(yǔ)的'“語(yǔ)義”(已給出詞語(yǔ)的除外)和正確的語(yǔ)法“形式”的思維過程。遇到一時(shí)想不起來(lái)或無(wú)法確定的題目，先跳過去，不要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間停留在一個(gè)空上。這些空著的題目，有可能后面的內(nèi)容會(huì)給出提示，或者在核查時(shí)進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行推理。
3. 驗(yàn)證復(fù)查，清除難點(diǎn)。
在答題時(shí)間充足的情況下，進(jìn)行復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是：將所有答案“填進(jìn)”短文或?qū)υ捴胁⑦M(jìn)行通讀，以最后確定答案。
通讀時(shí)要注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)前后矛盾或句子不通順的問題。
掌握了“題型特點(diǎn)”和“答題技巧”，語(yǔ)法填空題究竟怎么考，還只是停留在理論層面。作為一個(gè)新題型，語(yǔ)法填空想要在高考中取得高分，還需要大量的練習(xí)。
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~形式或用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，每空不超過三個(gè)單詞。
例一、對(duì)話體
mum: (putting on her coat) i'm going to have to go down to the shop for
more bread.
alan: why?
mum: i'm not sure what 1 (happen). i made some sandwiches earlier and
left them on the table 2 i went to answer the phone. but someone
must have taken them because they're 3 (go).
alan: oh, it must have been dad. i'm sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).
mum: no, he went off to his tennis match before i finished 5 (make) them,
so he couldn't have done it. 6 , he couldn't carry a plate of
sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so i'm sure 7 wasn't him.
alan: (opening the fridge door) well, it wasn't me. but mum, look! are these
your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?
mum: are they there? oh, my goodness. i 9 (put) them in there when the
phone rang. oh, dear. i really must be losing my 10 . now, why did i
put on my coat?
例二、短文體
one of my father's favorite 1 (say) as i was growing up was “try it!” i couldn't say i didn't like something, 2 it might be, until after i tried it. over the years i've come to realize how much of my success i owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. my first job was just one i decided to try for a couple of years until i determined what i wanted to do as a career (職業(yè)). 4 (actual) i believed i would work for a few years, get 5 (marry), stay home and raise a family, so i didn't think the job i took mattered that much. i couldn't 6 more mistaken. i mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level position and i was given the opportunity (機(jī)會(huì)) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. i accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “well, i'll try it; 9 i don't like it i can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” but i was with the same company for the past 28 years.
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