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珠穆朗瑪峰500字導(dǎo)游詞篇一
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珠穆朗瑪峰海拔8848米，為世界第一高峰，位于喜馬拉雅山中段之中尼邊界上、西藏日喀則地區(qū)定日縣正南方。峰頂終年積雪，一派圣潔景象。珠峰地區(qū)擁有4座8000米以上、38座7000米以上的山峰，被譽(yù)為地球第三級。
藏語“珠穆朗瑪jo-mo glang-mari”就是“大地之母”的意思。藏語jo-mo“珠穆”是女神的之意，glang-ma“朗瑪”應(yīng)該理解成母象(在藏語里，glang-ma有兩中意思：高山柳和母象)。神話說珠穆朗瑪峰是長壽五天女(tshe-ringmched lnga)所居住的宮室。 西方普遍稱這山峰作額菲爾士峰或艾佛勒斯峰(mounteverest)，是紀(jì)念英國人占領(lǐng)尼泊爾之時，負(fù)責(zé)測量喜馬拉雅山脈的印度測量局局長喬治·額菲爾士(georgeeverest)。珠穆朗瑪峰最近的一次測量在1999年，是由美國國家地理學(xué)會使用全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)測定的，他們認(rèn)為珠峰的海拔高度應(yīng)該為8850米。現(xiàn)在中華人民共和國公認(rèn)的珠穆朗瑪峰的海拔高度由中華人民共和國登山隊于1975年測定，是8848.13米。但外界也有8848米、8840米、8850米、8882米等多種說法。最近，20__年5月22日中華人民共和國重測珠峰高度測量登山隊成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰峰頂，再次精確測量珠峰高度，珠峰新高度為8844.43米。同時停用1975年的8848.13米。有趣的是，珠穆朗瑪峰雖然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰頂卻不是距離地心最遠(yuǎn)的一點。這個特殊的點屬于南美洲的欽博拉索山。珠穆朗瑪峰高大巍峨的形象一直在當(dāng)?shù)厣踔寥澜绲姆秶鷥?nèi)產(chǎn)生著影響。第四版人民幣十元的背面圖案就是珠穆朗瑪峰。
珠峰山腳下建有一座世界海拔最高的寺廟——絨布寺，同時，絨布寺也是觀看珠穆朗瑪峰的最佳位置，兩者直線距離25公里。
中國西部的山脈，大多橫亙綿長，山體高峻雄偉。位于中國西藏自治區(qū)同尼泊爾、印度等國邊境上的喜馬拉雅山脈，綿延長達(dá)2400多公里，主脈海拔平均超過6000米，是世界上最雄偉的山脈。
在喜馬拉雅山脈之中，海拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦馬峰、干城章嘉峰?！跋柴R拉雅”在藏語中就是“冰雪之鄉(xiāng)”的意思。這里終年冰雪覆蓋，一座座冰峰如倚天的寶劍，一條條冰川像蜿蜒的銀蛇。其中最為高聳的則是位于中國和尼泊爾邊界上的珠穆朗瑪峰，它高達(dá)8844.43米，是世界最高峰。
珠穆朗瑪峰，峰高勢偉，地理環(huán)境獨特，峰頂?shù)淖畹蜌鉁爻Ｄ暝诹阆氯氖當(dāng)z氏度。山上一些地方常年積雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到處可見。峰頂空氣稀薄，空氣的含氧量只有東部平原地區(qū)的四分之一，經(jīng)常刮七八級大風(fēng)。十二級大風(fēng)也不少見。風(fēng)吹積雪，四濺飛舞，彌漫天際。珠峰具有重大的科學(xué)研究價值，很早就為人們所注目。1960年中國登山運動員和科學(xué)工作者不畏艱險，克服重重困難，首次從北坡登上了珠穆朗瑪峰頂，創(chuàng)造了世界登山史上前所未有的奇跡。從60年代起，中國科學(xué)工作者對珠峰地區(qū)進(jìn)行了全面考察，在古生物、自然地理、高山氣候以及現(xiàn)代冰川、地貌等多方面，都獲得了豐富而有價值的資料。1975年，中國測繪工作者在中國登山隊的配合下，再次登上珠穆朗瑪峰，精確地測定了它的高度，并繪出了珠峰地區(qū)的詳細(xì)地圖。所有這些，為中國開發(fā)利用西藏高原的自然資源提供了極其重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質(zhì)年代，從陸地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)，形成了這里厚達(dá)3萬米以上的海相沉積巖層。以后，由于強(qiáng)烈的造山運動，使喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)受擠壓而猛烈抬升，據(jù)測算，平均每一萬年大約升高20～30米，直至如今，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)仍處在不斷上升之中。
清康熙五十六年(1717)《皇輿全覽圖》上作朱母郎馬阿林。1855年印度測量局在英國人主持下，擅將該局局長s.g.額菲爾士的姓氏命名此峰。1952年中華人民共和國政府將此峰正名為珠穆朗瑪峰。尼泊爾稱薩迦-瑪塔。1960年5月25日，中華人民共和國登山隊首次從北坡攀登峰頂。中華人民共和國科學(xué)院也曾多次組織大規(guī)模綜合科學(xué)考察，獲得了大量的重要科學(xué)資料。
1989年3月，珠穆朗瑪峰國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)宣告成立。保護(hù)區(qū)面積3.38萬平方千米。區(qū)內(nèi)珍稀、瀕危生物物種極為豐富，其中有8種國家一類保護(hù)動物，如長尾灰葉猴、熊猴、喜馬拉雅塔爾羊、金錢豹等。峰頂共有600多條冰川，面積1600平方千米，最長的26千米，每當(dāng)旭日東升，巨大的山峰在紅光照耀下，絢麗多彩。此外，還常出現(xiàn)許多奇特的自然景觀，吸引了大量國內(nèi)外游客。
珠穆朗瑪峰山體呈巨型金字塔狀，威武雄壯昂首天外，地形極端險峻，環(huán)境異常復(fù)雜。雪線高度：北坡為5800—6200米，南坡為5500—6100米。東北山脊、 東南山脊和西山山脊中間夾著三大陡壁(北壁、東壁和西南壁)，在這些山脊和峭壁之間又分布著548條大陸型冰川，總面積達(dá)1457.07平方公里，平均厚度達(dá)7260米。冰川的補(bǔ)給主要靠印度洋季風(fēng)帶兩大降水帶積雪變質(zhì)形成。冰川上有千姿百態(tài)、瑰麗罕見的冰塔林，又有高達(dá)數(shù)十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗冰裂隙，還有險象環(huán)生的冰崩雪崩區(qū)。
珠峰不僅巍峨宏大，而且氣勢磅礴。在它周圍20公里的范圍內(nèi)，群峰林立，山巒疊障。僅海拔7000米以上的高峰就有40多座，較著名的有南面3公里處的“洛子峰”(海拔8463米，世界第四高峰)和海拔7589米的卓窮峰，東南面是馬卡魯峰(海拔8463米，世界第五高峰)，北面3公里是海拔7543米的章子峰 ，西面是努子峰(7855米)和普莫里峰(7145米)。在這些巨峰的外圍，還有一些世界一流的高峰遙遙相望：東南方向有世界第三高峰干城嘉峰(海拔8585米，尼泊爾和錫金的界峰);西面有海拔7998米的格重康峰、8201 米的卓奧友峰和8012米的希夏邦馬峰。形成了群峰來朝，峰頭洶涌的波瀾壯闊的場面。
珠峰山體呈金字塔狀，山上有冰川，最長之冰川達(dá)26公里。山峰上部終年為冰雪覆蓋，地形陡峭高峻。是世界登山運動矚目和向往的地方。珠峰的氣候惡劣，風(fēng)和日麗的日子不多。經(jīng)常是暴同肆虐的天氣，狂風(fēng)夾著積雪和砂石鋪天蓋地而來。攀登珠峰的時間，一年中有兩個季節(jié)，一是5月份，一是9月到10月。在這兩段時間里，海拔八千多米高處的風(fēng)速較小，而且很少有雨雪。
其實絨布寺和珠峰大本營還有大約8公里的路程，如果自己帶有野營裝備，也可以住在珠峰大本營里面，需要自己帶爐具作飯。在登山季節(jié)，大本營有西藏登山協(xié)會的聯(lián)絡(luò)官駐扎在這里，那時候可以從聯(lián)絡(luò)官手上買到少量的食品和飲水，但是價格較貴，大概要比拉薩貴3倍。啤酒要10元/聽。
離珠峰不遠(yuǎn)處便是登山檢查站。查完了進(jìn)山手續(xù)，便放行直走。40公里后可以到達(dá)一個很小的小村叫扎西宗，這里有2、3家?guī)缀鯖]有什么蔬菜的小飯館，可以湊合吃一點東西。再繼續(xù)走約30公里翻越錯拉山口的時候可以看到4座8000米以上的雪山排成一列的壯觀景象，從這里下山再走20多公里就可以到達(dá)珠峰大本營。
在珠峰大本營，可以找珠峰郵政所的管理人，在他那花兩元錢可以蓋一個珠峰紀(jì)念的郵戳，再把明信片留在郵政所里投遞，半個多月后內(nèi)地的朋友就可以收到這張頗有價值的明信片了。
珠穆朗瑪峰交通線路
珠峰遠(yuǎn)在在中尼公路南大約100公里的邊境線上。從日喀則、拉孜找便車到新定日不是很困難，但是余下到大本營的100公里，能坐上便車的機(jī)會相當(dāng)?shù)停越ㄗh從拉薩包車前往是最穩(wěn)妥的。
離開新定日之前在新定日路口的旅館辦理進(jìn)山手續(xù)：進(jìn)入范圍的汽車需按車輪的數(shù)量繳交公路建設(shè)費，每個輪子100元;另外，每位旅游者要付180元作門票。沿中尼公路走11公里，見珠峰保護(hù)區(qū)標(biāo)志牌左轉(zhuǎn)，從此就告別了柏油馬路。
珠穆朗瑪峰500字導(dǎo)游詞篇二
珠穆朗瑪峰海拔8848米，為世界第一高峰，位于喜馬拉雅山中段之中尼邊界上、西藏日喀則地區(qū)定日縣正南方。峰頂終年積雪，一派圣潔景象。珠峰地區(qū)擁有4座8000米以上、38座7000米以上的山峰，被譽(yù)為地球第三級。
藏語“珠穆朗瑪jo-mo glang-ma ri”就是“大地之母”的意思。藏語jo-mo“珠穆”是女神的之意，glang-ma“朗瑪”應(yīng)該理解成母象(在藏語里，glang-ma有兩中意思：高山柳和母象)。神話說珠穆朗瑪峰是長壽五天女(tshe-ring mched lnga)所居住的宮室。 西方普遍稱這山峰作額菲爾士峰或艾佛勒斯峰(mount everest)，是紀(jì)念英國人占領(lǐng)尼泊爾之時，負(fù)責(zé)測量喜馬拉雅山脈的印度測量局局長喬治·額菲爾士(george everest)。珠穆朗瑪峰最近的一次測量在1999年，是由美國國家地理學(xué)會使用全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)測定的，他們認(rèn)為珠峰的海拔高度應(yīng)該為8850米?，F(xiàn)在中華人民共和國公認(rèn)的珠穆朗瑪峰的海拔高度由中華人民共和國登山隊于1975年測定，是8848.13米。但外界也有8848米、8840米、8850米、8882米等多種說法。最近，20xx年5月22日中華人民共和國重測珠峰高度測量登山隊成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰峰頂，再次精確測量珠峰高度，珠峰新高度為8844.43米。同時停用1975年的8848.13米。 有趣的是，珠穆朗瑪峰雖然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰頂卻不是距離地心最遠(yuǎn)的一點。這個特殊的點屬于南美洲的欽博拉索山。珠穆朗瑪峰高大巍峨的形象一直在當(dāng)?shù)厣踔寥澜绲姆秶鷥?nèi)產(chǎn)生著影響。第四版人民幣十元的背面圖案就是珠穆朗瑪峰。
珠峰山腳下建有一座世界海拔最高的寺廟——絨布寺，同時，絨布寺也是觀看珠穆朗瑪峰的最佳位置，兩者直線距離25公里。
中國西部的山脈，大多橫亙綿長，山體高峻雄偉。位于中國西藏自治區(qū)同尼泊爾、印度等國邊境上的喜馬拉雅山脈，綿延長達(dá)2 400多公里，主脈海拔平均超過6000米，是世界上最雄偉的山脈。
在喜馬拉雅山脈之中，海拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦馬峰、干城章嘉峰。“喜馬拉雅”在藏語中就是“冰雪之鄉(xiāng)”的意思。這里終年冰雪覆蓋，一座座冰峰如倚天的寶劍，一條條冰川像蜿蜒的銀蛇。其中最為高聳的則是位于中國和尼泊爾邊界上的珠穆朗瑪峰，它高達(dá)8844.43米，是世界最高峰。
珠穆朗瑪峰，峰高勢偉，地理環(huán)境獨特，峰頂?shù)淖畹蜌鉁爻Ｄ暝诹阆氯氖當(dāng)z氏度。山上一些地方常年積雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到處可見。峰頂空氣稀薄，空氣的含氧量只有東部平原地區(qū)的四分之一，經(jīng)常刮七八級大風(fēng)。十二級大風(fēng)也不少見。風(fēng)吹積雪，四濺飛舞，彌漫天際。珠峰具有重大的科學(xué)研究價值，很早就為人們所注目。1960年中國登山運動員和科學(xué)工作者不畏艱險，克服重重困難，首次從北坡登上了珠穆朗瑪峰頂，創(chuàng)造了世界登山史上前所未有的奇跡。從60年代起，中國科學(xué)工作者對珠峰地區(qū)進(jìn)行了全面考察，在古生物、自然地理、高山氣候以及現(xiàn)代冰川、地貌等多方面，都獲得了豐富而有價值的資料。1975年，中國測繪工作者在中國登山隊的配合下，再次登上珠穆朗瑪峰，精確地測定了它的高度，并繪出了珠峰地區(qū)的詳細(xì)地圖。所有這些，為中國開發(fā)利用西藏高原的自然資源提供了極其重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質(zhì)年代，從陸地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)，形成了這里厚達(dá)3萬米以上的海相沉積巖層。以后，由于強(qiáng)烈的造山運動，使喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)受擠壓而猛烈抬升，據(jù)測算，平均每一萬年大約升高20～30米，直至如今，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)仍處在不斷上升之中。
清康熙五十六年(1717)《皇輿全覽圖》上作朱母郎馬阿林。1855年印度測量局在英國人主持下，擅將該局局長s.g.額菲爾士的姓氏命名此峰。1952年中華人民共和國政府將此峰正名為珠穆朗瑪峰。尼泊爾稱薩迦-瑪塔。1960年5月25日，中華人民共和國登山隊首次從北坡攀登峰頂。中華人民共和國科學(xué)院也曾多次組織大規(guī)模綜合科學(xué)考察，獲得了大量的重要科學(xué)資料。
1989年3月，珠穆朗瑪峰國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)宣告成立。保護(hù)區(qū)面積3.38萬平方千米。區(qū)內(nèi)珍稀、瀕危生物物種極為豐富，其中有8種國家一類保護(hù)動物，如長尾灰葉猴、熊猴、喜馬拉雅塔爾羊、金錢豹等。峰頂共有600多條冰川，面積1600平方千米，最長的26千米，每當(dāng)旭日東升，巨大的山峰在紅光照耀下，絢麗多彩。此外，還常出現(xiàn)許多奇特的自然景觀，吸引了大量國內(nèi)外游客。
珠穆朗瑪峰山體呈巨型金字塔狀，威武雄壯昂首天外，地形極端險峻，環(huán)境異常復(fù)雜。雪線高度：北坡為5800—6200米，南坡為5500—6100米。東北山脊、 東南山脊和西山山脊中間夾著三大陡壁(北壁、東壁和西南壁)，在這些山脊 和峭壁之間又分布著548條大陸型冰川，總面積達(dá)1457.07平方公里，平均厚度達(dá)7260米。冰川的補(bǔ)給主要靠印度洋季風(fēng)帶兩大降水帶積雪變質(zhì)形成。冰川上有千姿百態(tài)、瑰麗罕見的冰塔林，又有高達(dá)數(shù)十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗 冰裂隙，還有險象環(huán)生的冰崩雪崩區(qū)。
珠峰不僅巍峨宏大，而且氣勢磅礴。在它周圍20公里的范圍內(nèi)，群峰林立，山巒疊障。僅海拔7000米以上的高峰就有40多座，較著名的有南面3公里處的“洛子峰”(海拔8463米，世界第四高峰)和海拔7589米的卓窮峰，東南面是馬卡魯峰(海拔8463米，世界第五高峰) ，北面3公里是海拔7543米的章子峰 ，西面是努子峰(7855米)和普莫里峰(7145米)。在這些巨峰的外圍 ，還有一些世界一流的高峰遙遙相望：東南方向有世界第三高峰干城嘉峰(海拔8585米，尼泊爾和錫金的界峰);西面有海拔7998米的格重康峰、8201米的卓奧友峰和 8012米的希夏邦馬峰。形成了群峰來朝，峰頭洶涌的波瀾壯闊的場面。
珠峰山體呈金字塔狀，山上有冰川，最長之冰川達(dá)26公里。山峰上部終年為冰雪覆蓋，地形陡峭高峻。是世界登山運動矚目和向往的地方。珠峰的氣候惡劣，風(fēng)和日麗的日子不多。經(jīng)常是暴同肆虐的天氣，狂風(fēng)夾著積雪和砂石鋪天蓋地而來。攀登珠峰的時間，一年中有兩個季節(jié)，一是5月份，一是9月到10月。在這兩段時間里，海拔八千多米高處的風(fēng)速較小，而且很少有雨雪。
其實絨布寺和珠峰大本營還有大約8公里的路程，如果自己帶有野營裝備，也可以住在珠峰大本營里面，需要自己帶爐具作飯。在登山季節(jié)，大本營有西藏登山協(xié)會的聯(lián)絡(luò)官駐扎在這里，那時候可以從聯(lián)絡(luò)官手上買到少量的食品和飲水，但是價格較貴，大概要比拉薩貴3倍。啤酒要10元/聽。
離珠峰不遠(yuǎn)處便是登山檢查站。查完了進(jìn)山手續(xù)，便放行直走。40公里后可以到達(dá)一個很小的小村叫扎西宗，這里有2、3家?guī)缀鯖]有什么蔬菜的小飯館，可以湊合吃一點東西。再繼續(xù)走約30公里翻越錯拉山口的時候可以看到4座8000米以上的雪山排成一列的壯觀景象，從這里下山再走20多公里就可以到達(dá)珠峰大本營。
在珠峰大本營，可以找珠峰郵政所的管理人，在他那花兩元錢可以蓋一個珠峰紀(jì)念的郵戳，再把明信片留在郵政所里投遞，半個多月后內(nèi)地的朋友就可以收到這張頗有價值的明信片了。
珠穆朗瑪峰交通線路
珠峰遠(yuǎn)在在中尼公路南大約100公里的邊境線上。從日喀則、拉孜找便車到新定日不是很困難，但是余下到大本營的100公里，能坐上便車的機(jī)會相當(dāng)?shù)?，所以建議從拉薩包車前往是最穩(wěn)妥的。
離開新定日之前在新定日路口的旅館辦理進(jìn)山手續(xù)：進(jìn)入范圍的汽車需按車輪的數(shù)量繳交公路建設(shè)費，每個輪子100元;另外，每位旅游者要付180元作門票。沿中尼公路走11公里，見珠峰保護(hù)區(qū)標(biāo)志牌左轉(zhuǎn)，從此就告別了柏油馬路。
珠穆朗瑪峰500字導(dǎo)游詞篇三
現(xiàn)在我來給大家介紹一下珠穆朗瑪峰。珠穆朗瑪，藏語意思為“第三女神”。珠穆朗瑪峰是喜馬拉雅山脈的主峰，海拔8848米，是世界第一高峰。其山體呈巨型金字塔狀，地形險峻，環(huán)境復(fù)雜，山脊和峭壁間分布著總面積達(dá)1500平方公里的各型冰川，冰川之上更有千姿百態(tài)、瑰麗罕見的冰塔林。珠峰周圍20公里的范圍內(nèi)，群峰林立，全世界8000米以上的14座高峰中，這里就有5座，六七千米的山峰放眼皆是，形成了一幅群峰攢聚、波瀾壯闊的地貌。據(jù)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造分析，在遠(yuǎn)古時代，整個喜馬拉雅山以及附近遼闊的區(qū)域還是大海之一隅，大約從新生代第三紀(jì)晚期開始，海下深處的巖層受強(qiáng)烈的喜馬拉雅造山運動的影響，崛起滄海，橫空出世，逐漸上升成為最高最年輕的“世界屋脊”。矗立于地球之巔的珠穆朗瑪本身就是喜馬拉雅山脈最典型的斷塊山，其形似金字塔的峰頂是由奧陶紀(jì)棕黃色大理巖和結(jié)晶灰?guī)r組成。據(jù)科學(xué)家測定，珠峰現(xiàn)仍在不斷上升，平均每年以3.2毫米至12.7毫米的速度，繼續(xù)刷新它自己所創(chuàng)造的世界最高紀(jì)錄。
現(xiàn)在我給大家講兩個有關(guān)珠峰的神話。據(jù)說，在松贊干布當(dāng)藏王時，喜馬拉雅山和珠穆朗瑪峰是個百花盛開的美麗地方。松贊干布下令，把這個地方專作供養(yǎng)百鳥之用，最初的名字叫做“羅扎馬朗”，意思就是“南方養(yǎng)鳥之地”。到了8世紀(jì)的時候，藏王赤松德贊派人從印度迎請蓮花生祖師入藏傳法，佛教逐漸盛行全藏。教徒們每月奉祀諸神的祭祀中，有五位女神的坐位，這五位女神各有自己的名字，這就是藏族人民對喜馬拉雅山在我國境內(nèi)的五座山峰的最早的稱呼。它們被譽(yù)為“長壽五姐妹”，珠穆朗瑪排行第三，名為翠顏仙女，是捍衛(wèi)和繁衍種族的女神。其余四峰分別是掌福祿壽的福壽仙女、掌農(nóng)田的貞慧仙女、掌財寶的冠詠仙女和掌畜牧的施仁仙女。人們認(rèn)為第三女神長得最漂亮，藏語叫做珠穆朗桑瑪，于是就用她的名字來稱呼世界最高的山峰——珠穆朗瑪峰。
還有一個美麗的傳說。很久以前，這里是一個大海，海邊上長滿著花草樹木，開放著永不枯萎、永不凋謝的花朵，山坡上生長著森林和果樹。森林和花叢中，棲息著許多禽鳥和別的動物，這是一個富饒美麗的好地方!可是，有一天，突然竄來一群妖怪，霸占了這塊好地方。妖魔們來了，捕鳥捉獸，摧殘花木。這時從天上飛來一片五色祥云，云上站著一個身穿素色衣裙的仙女，她就是雪山女神——珠穆朗桑瑪女神。她用自己無邊的法力降服了妖魔鬼怪，并把它們壓在一座山底下。同時，在這一帶放養(yǎng)神牛、神羊，撒下各種植物種子，開鑿冰湖。從此，這里不僅恢復(fù)原來的模樣兒，而且被她打扮得更漂亮了。女神降服了妖魔鬼怪，又從雪山冰湖上輸來雪水灌溉周圍的萬頃土地。于是，山前山后，牛羊肥壯，莊稼茂盛，百花齊放。因此，居住在這一帶的人們，對女神十分敬仰，常用各種美好的語言來贊美她。
從絨布寺登頂要經(jīng)過兩個重要的地段，就是人們久已聞名的北坳和第二臺階。北坳是從北坡攀登珠峰的門戶，是座海拔7007米的馬鞍形的冰墻，上面到處是冰裂縫，是一道很難逾越的天險障礙。第二臺階離頂峰還有300多米。1960年，國家登山隊從大本營登頂用了8天時間，其中從北坳到頂峰就用了6天，最后50米是在沒有氧氣的情況下用了19個小時才登上去的。各國登山隊前后開辟出5條攀登珠穆朗瑪?shù)木€路。1953年，英國登山隊從南坡沿東南山脊登頂;1960年，我國國家登山隊從北坡越過北坳沿北山脊登頂;1975年英國登山隊從正南坡登頂;1980年，日本登山隊從北坡正面垂直巖壁登頂，這是攀登珠峰難度最大的一條線路。1988年，中國、日本、尼泊爾三國聯(lián)合組隊，從珠穆朗瑪南北兩邊同時攀登，實現(xiàn)了人類歷史上的“雙跨越”。1990年，中國、美國和蘇聯(lián)聯(lián)合組隊登上了珠峰。20xx年，再次登頂成功。
珠穆朗瑪峰上最讓人感興趣的是漂浮在峰頂?shù)脑撇?，這云彩好像是在峰頂上飄揚著的一面旗幟，因此這種云被形象地稱為旗幟云或旗狀云。珠峰旗云的形狀姿態(tài)萬千，時而像一面旗幟迎風(fēng)招展;時而像波濤洶涌的海浪;忽而變成裊裊上升的炊煙;剛剛似萬里奔騰的駿馬;一會兒又如輕輕飄動的面紗。這一切，使珠峰增添了不少絢麗壯觀的景色，堪稱世界一大奇觀。
是什么原因促使珠峰產(chǎn)生旗云呢?原來旗云是由對流性積云形成的，可根據(jù)其飄動的位置和高度，來推斷峰頂風(fēng)力的大小。如果旗云飄動的位置越向上掀，說明高空風(fēng)越小;越向下傾，風(fēng)力就越大;若和峰頂平齊，風(fēng)力約有九級。因此，珠峰旗云又有“世界上最高的風(fēng)向標(biāo)”之稱。
我再給大家介紹一下珠穆朗瑪峰國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)。珠穆朗瑪峰自然保護(hù)區(qū)，1993年被定為國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)。保護(hù)區(qū)位于西藏自治區(qū)與尼泊爾王國的交界處，總面積338萬公頃，人口7萬余。區(qū)內(nèi)劃分為脫隆溝、絨轄、雪布崗、江村、貢當(dāng)、珠峰、希夏邦馬7個核心保護(hù)區(qū);陳塘、聶拉木、吉隆、貢當(dāng)?shù)?個科學(xué)實驗區(qū)。
在保護(hù)區(qū)喜馬拉雅山南麓海拔3000米以下的地區(qū)，是中國海拔最高的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，有世界十大景觀之一的卡瑪山谷，海拔2300米，東西長55公里，南北寬平均8公里，面積440平方公里。保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)有被子植物2101種，裸子植物20種，蕨類植物200多種，苔蘚、地衣植物600多種，真菌130多種;野生動物中有獸類50多種，其中，國家一級保護(hù)動物有長尾葉猴、西藏野驢、塔爾羊、金錢豹、雪豹、黑鷴等lo多種。雪豹是珠穆朗瑪峰自然保護(hù)區(qū)的標(biāo)志動物。
原始森林茂密，有喜馬拉雅冷杉、落葉松、皺皮樺、刺柏、灌叢、箭竹、高山松、云杉、尼泊爾檀木、木蘭、喬松、杜鵑等主要樹種，還有很高觀賞價值和藥用價值的長蕊木蘭、三七、胡黃連等野生植物。
在茫茫林海上部，海拔：3800多米至4500米之間是高山草原，長著蒿草、綴蚤等植物。雪線以上5500米至6000米地帶，覆蓋著終年不化的積雪。不化的冰雪逐年形成冰川，保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)最大的冰川就是絨布冰川。此外還廣泛分布著冰斗冰川和懸冰川。
珠穆朗瑪峰500字導(dǎo)游詞篇四
mount qomolangma is 8848 meters above sea level. it is the highest peak inthe world. it is located on the border between china and nepal in the middlesection of the himalayas and just south of dingri county in xigaze prefecture,tibet. the peak is covered with snow all the year round, a holy scene. mountqomolangma area has four peaks more than 8000 meters and 38 peaks more than 7000meters, which is known as the third level of the earth.
"qomolangma" in tibetan means "mother of the earth". in tibetan, jo mo"zhumu" means goddess, and glang ma "longma" should be understood as motherelephant (in tibetan, glang ma has two meanings: high mountain willow and motherelephant). according to the myth, mount everest is the palace where the tshering mched lnga lives. it is generally called mount everest in the west tocommemorate george everest, the director of the survey bureau of india, who wasresponsible for surveying the himalayas when the british occupied nepal. themost recent measurement of mount everest was made in 1999 by the nationalgeographic society of the united states using the global positioning believed that the altitude of mount everest should be 8850 meters. thealtitude of mount everest, now recognized by the people's republic of china, wasdetermined by the mountaineering team of the people's republic of china in 1975,which is 8848.13 meters. but the outside world also has 8848 meters, 8840meters, 8850 meters, 8882 meters and other statements. recently, on may 22,20__, the mountaineering team of the people's republic of china successfullyclimbed to the top of mt. everest to accurately measure the height of t again. the new height of mt. everest is 8844.43 meters. at the sametime, 8848.13m in 1975 was stopped. interestingly, although mount everest is thehighest peak in the world, its peak is not the farthest point from the earth'scenter. this particular spot belongs to the chimborazo mountains in southamerica. the towering image of mount everest has been influencing the local andeven the whole world. the back of the fourth edition of rmb 10 is mounteverest.
at the foot of mount qomolangma, there is rongbu temple, the highest templein the world. at the same time, rongbu temple is also the best place to watchmount qomolangma, with a straight-line distance of 25 km.
most of the mountains in western china are long and steep. located on theborder of china's tibet autonomous region with nepal, india and other countries,the himalayan mountains stretch for more than 2400 kilometers, with an averageelevation of more than 6000 meters. they are the most magnificent mountains inthe world.
in the himalayas, there are more than 50 peaks at an altitude of more than7000 meters, 16 peaks at an altitude of more than 8000 meters, and the famousones are nanfeng, xisha bangma and gancheng zhangjia. "himalaya" means "land ofice and snow" in tibetan. it is covered with ice and snow all the year ice peaks are like swords leaning on the sky, and the glaciers are likesilver snakes winding. the most towering is mount qomolangma, which is locatedon the border between china and nepal. it is 8844.43 meters high and is thehighest peak in the world.
mount qomolangma has a high potential and unique geographical lowest temperature at the top of the mountain is minus 30-40 ℃ all the yearround. in some parts of the mountain, snow does not melt all the year round, andglaciers, ice slopes and ice pagodas can be seen everywhere. the oxygen contentof the air is only a quarter of that of the eastern plain area, and there areoften strong winds of magnitude 7-8. strong winds of force 12 are not blowing snow, flying everywhere, filled the sky. mount qomolangma is ofgreat scientific research value, which has been noticed for a long time. in1960, chinese mountaineers and scientists overcame many difficulties and madethe first ascent to the top of mount everest from the north slope, creating anunprecedented miracle in the history of mountaineering in the world. since the1960s, chinese scientists have carried out a comprehensive investigation of theeverest region, and obtained rich and valuable data in many aspects, such aspaleontology, physical geography, alpine climate, modern glaciers and 1975, with the cooperation of the chinese mountaineering team, chinesesurveying and mapping workers climbed mount everest again, measured its heightaccurately, and drew a detailed map of the area. all these provide an extremelyimportant scientific basis for china to develop and utilize the naturalresources of the tibetan plateau.
the himalayan region where mount qomolangma is located used to be an a long geological period, a large amount of gravel and sand were washed fromthe land and accumulated in the himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentaryrock layer with a thickness of more than 30000 meters. later, due to the strongorogeny, the himalayas were squeezed and uplifted violently. according to thecalculation, the average elevation is about 20-30 meters every 10000 years. upto now, the himalayas are still rising.
ma alin, zhu mu lang, was written in the complete map of huangyu (1717) inthe 56th year of emperor kangxi of qing dynasty. in 1855, under the leadershipof the british, the bureau of survey of india named this peak after the surnameof s.g. erfield, the director of the bureau. in 1952, the government of thepeople's republic of china renamed the peak qomolangma. nepal is called sakyamata. on may 25, 1960, the mountaineering team of the people's republic of chinaclimbed the peak from the north slope for the first time. the academy ofsciences of the people's republic of china has also organized many large-scalecomprehensive scientific expeditions and obtained a large number of importantscientific data.
in march 1989, mount everest national nature reserve was established. thereserve covers an area of 33800 square kilometers. the area is rich in rare andendangered biological species, including 8 species of national first classprotected animals, such as langur, bear monkey, himalayan tal sheep, leopard,etc. there are more than 600 glaciers at the top of the mountain, covering anarea of 1600 square kilometers. the longest glacier is 26 kilometers. when thesun rises to the east, the huge mountain peak is gorgeous under the red addition, many peculiar natural landscapes often appear, attracting a largenumber of domestic and foreign tourists.
mt. qomolangma is a huge pyramid shaped mountain, majestic and majestic,with extremely steep terrain and extremely complex environment. the height ofsnow line is 5800-6200m on the north slope and 5500-6100m on the south are three steep cliffs (north, east and southwest) in the middle ofnortheast ridge, southeast ridge and west ridge. there are 548 continentalglaciers between them, with a total area of 1457.07 square kilometers and anaverage thickness of 7260 meters. the glaciers are mainly supplied by themetamorphism of snow cover in the indian ocean monsoon belt. on the glacier,there are a variety of magnificent and rare ice pagoda forests, ice cliffs ashigh as tens of meters, light and dark ice fissures with step-by-step traps, anddangerous ice avalanche and avalanche areas.
mount everest is not only magnificent, but also magnificent. within 20kilometers of it, there are many peaks and mountains. there are more than 40peaks with an altitude of more than 7000 meters. the most famous ones are "luozipeak" (8463 meters above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) andzhuo qiong peak (7589 meters above sea level), which are 3 kilometers south. inthe southeast is makalu peak (8463 meters above sea level, the fifth highestpeak in the world), in the north is zhangzi peak (7543 meters above sea level),in the west are nuzi peak (7855 meters) and pumoli peak (7145 meters). on theperiphery of these huge peaks, there are some world-class peaks facing eachother from afar: ganchengjia peak, the third highest peak in the world (8585meters above sea level, the boundary peak between nepal and sikkim), in thesoutheast; gechongkang peak, 7998 meters above sea level, zhuoyou peak, 8201meters above sea level, and xisha bama peak, 8012 meters above sea level, in thewest. formed a group of peaks, peak head of the surging magnificent scene.
mount qomolangma is a pyramid shaped mountain with glaciers, the longest ofwhich is 26 km. the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow all theyear round, and the terrain is steep and high. it is a place that attracts theattention and yearns of mountaineering in the world. the climate of mounteverest is bad, and there are few sunny days. it's often violent weather, andthe wind comes with snow and sand. there are two seasons in a year to climb t: may and september to october. during these two periods, the wind speedat an altitude of more than 8000 meters was low, and there was little rain andsnow.
in fact, rongbu temple and the everest base camp are about 8 kilometersaway. if you have camping equipment, you can also live in the everest base need to bring your own stove to cook. during the mountaineering season, thebase camp has liaison officers from the tibet mountaineering associationstationed here. at that time, a small amount of food and water can be boughtfrom the liaison officers, but the price is more expensive, about three timeshigher than lhasa. beer costs 10 yuan per tin.
not far from mount everest is the mountaineering checkpoint. after checkingthe procedures for entering the mountain, they let them go straight. after 40kilometers, you can reach a small village called zhaxizong. there are two orthree small restaurants with few vegetables. you can make do with some food. ifyou continue to walk about 30 kilometers, you can see four snow capped mountainsover 8000 meters in a row when you cross the cuola pass. you can get to the basecamp of mount everest by walking more than 20 kilometers downhill from here.
in the base camp of mount everest, you can find the manager of the postoffice of mount everest. for two yuan, you can build a commemorative postmark ofmount everest, and then leave the postcard in the post office for more than half a month, friends in the mainland can receive this valuablepostcard.
珠穆朗瑪峰500字導(dǎo)游詞篇五
now let me introduce mount everest to you. qomolangma means "the thirdgoddess" in tibetan. mount everest is the main peak of the himalayas, with analtitude of 8848 meters. it is the highest peak in the world. the mountain is inthe shape of a huge pyramid, with steep terrain and complex environment. thereare various types of glaciers with a total area of 1500 square kilometersdistributed between the ridges and cliffs. on top of the glaciers, there are avariety of beautiful and rare ice pagoda forests. within 20 kilometers aroundmt. everest, there are many peaks. among the 14 peaks above 8000 meters in theworld, there are 5. the peaks of 6-7 kilometers are all around, forming amagnificent landscape with many peaks. according to the analysis of geologicalstructure, in ancient times, the whole himalayas and the vast area nearby werestill a corner of the sea. from about the late tertiary of cenozoic era, thedeep rock strata under the sea were affected by the strong himalayan orogeny,rising to the top and the youngest "roof of the world". standing on the top ofthe earth, qomolangma itself is the most typical fault block mountain in thehimalayas. its pyramid shaped peak is composed of ordovician brown marble andcrystalline limestone. according to the determination of scientists, everest isstill rising, with an average annual speed of 3.2 mm to 12.7 mm, continuing toset a new world record.
now let me tell you two myths about mount everest. it is said that whensongzanganbu was king of tibet, the himalayas and mount everest were beautifulplaces with flowers in full bloom. songzanganbu ordered that this place shouldbe specially used for raising a hundred birds. its original name was"rozamarang", which means "the place for raising birds in the south". in the 8thcentury, the tibetan king chisongdezan sent people from india to welcome thelotus grandmaster into tibet to preach buddhism, and buddhism graduallyprevailed in tibet. there are five goddesses sitting in the monthly sacrificesto the gods. each of the five goddesses has its own name. this is the earliesttibetan name for the five peaks of the himalayas in china. they are known as the"five sisters of longevity", and qomolangma ranks third. they are the goddess ofdefending and reproducing the race. the other four peaks are fushou fairy,zhenhui fairy, guanyong fairy and shiren fairy. people think that the thirdgoddess is the most beautiful. she is called zhumulangsangma in tibetan, so sheuses her name to call mount qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.
there is also a beautiful legend. once upon a time, it was a sea. on theseashore, there were flowers and trees, flowers that never withered and neverwithered. on the hillside, there were forests and fruit trees. in the forest andflowers, there are many birds and other animals. it's a rich and beautifulplace! but one day, a group of monsters suddenly came to occupy this good demons are coming, catching birds and animals, destroying flowers and this time, a five color auspicious cloud came from the sky. on the cloudstood a fairy in a plain dress. she was the goddess of snow mountain -zhumulangsangma. with her boundless magic power, she subdued the demons andspirits, and pressed them under a mountain. at the same time, in this area,cattle and sheep were raised, plant seeds were sown, and ice lakes were then on, she not only restored the original appearance, but also made itmore beautiful. the goddess subdued the demons and ghosts, and poured snow waterfrom the snow mountain and ice lake to irrigate the surrounding land. so, beforeand after the mountain, cattle and sheep are fat, crops are flourishing, and ahundred flowers are blooming. therefore, people living in this area have greatrespect for the goddess and often praise her in various beautiful words.
from the summit of rongbu temple, we have to pass through two importantsections, namely the well-known beiao and the second step. beiao is the gatewayto climb mount qomolangma from the north slope. it is a saddle shaped ice wallwith an altitude of 7007 meters. there are ice cracks all over it. it is a verydifficult natural obstacle to overcome. the second step is more than 300 metersaway from the peak. in 1960, it took eight days for the national mountaineeringteam to reach the top from the base camp, including six days from beiao to thetop. the last 50 meters took 19 hours to reach the top without oxygen. beforeand after the national mountaineering teams opened up five routes to climbeverest. in 1953, the british mountaineering team ascended along the southeastridge from the south slope; in 1960, the chinese national mountaineering teamascended along the north ridge from the north slope over beiao; in 1975, thebritish mountaineering team ascended from the south slope; in 1980, the japanesemountaineering team ascended from the vertical cliff on the front of the northslope, which is the most difficult route to climb mount everest. in 1988, china,japan and nepal jointly formed a team to climb from the north and south sides ofqomolangma at the same time, realizing a "double leap" in human history. in1990, china, the united states and the soviet union joined forces to climb mounteverest. in 20__, it reached the summit again.
the most interesting thing on mount everest is the cloud floating on thetop of the peak, which seems to be a flag flying on the top of the peak, so thiskind of cloud is vividly called flag cloud or flag cloud. the shape and postureof the flag cloud on mt. everest are various, sometimes like a flag flutteringin the wind; sometimes like the rough waves; sometimes it turns into a curlingsmoke; just like a galloping horse; for a while, it is like a gently flutteringveil. all this adds a lot of magnificent scenery to mount everest, which can becalled one of the world's major wonders.
what causes the formation of flag clouds on mt. qomolangma? it turns outthat the flag clouds are formed by convective cumulus clouds. according to theposition and height of the cloud, we can infer the size of the wind force on thepeak. if the flag cloud moves upward, it means that the upper air wind issmaller; if it tilts downward, the wind will be stronger; if it is level withthe peak, the wind will be about level 9. therefore, the flag cloud of mounteverest is also known as "the highest wind vane in the world".
let me introduce mount everest national nature reserve to you. mounteverest nature reserve was designated as a national nature reserve in 1993. thereserve is located at the junction of tibet autonomous region and the kingdom ofnepal, with a total area of 3.38 million hectares and a population of more than70000. the area is spanided into 7 core protection areas, namely tuolonggou,rongha, xuebugang, jiangcun, gongdang, zhufeng and xixiabangma, and 4 scientificexperimental areas, namely chentang, nyalam, jilong and gongdang.
at the southern foot of the himalayas, the nature reserve is the highest inchina. it has one of the world's top ten landscapes, the kama valley, with analtitude of 2300 meters, a length of 55 kilometers from east to west, an averagewidth of 8 kilometers from north to south, and an area of 440 square are 2101 species of angiosperms, 20 species of gymnosperms, more than 200species of pteridophytes, more than 600 species of bryophytes and lichens, andmore than 130 species of fungi in the reserve; there are more than 50 species ofmammals in the wild animals, among which there are more than 10 species ofnational first-class protected animals, such as langur, tibetan wild donkey,tarr sheep, leopard, snow leopard, black pheasant, etc. snow leopard is thesymbol animal of everest nature reserve.
the original forest is dense, including abies himalayana, larch, birch,juniper, shrub, fargesia, alpine pine, spruce, nepalese sandalwood, magnolia,arbor pine, rhododendron and other major tree species, as well as wild plantswith high ornamental value and medicinal value such as magnolia, panaxnotoginseng and coptis chinensis.
in the upper part of the vast forest sea, altitude: 3800 meters to 4500meters is alpine grassland, with artemisia, fleas and other plants. the area5500-6000 meters above the snow line is covered with permanent snow. glaciersare formed year by year due to non melting ice and snow. rongbu glacier is thelargest glacier in the reserve. in addition, there are iceberg glaciers andsuspended glaciers.
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