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香港旅游介紹詞天壇大佛和迪士尼樂園篇一
大家好!歡迎大家來(lái)北京天壇!
北京天壇，在原北京外城的東南部。位于故宮正南偏東的城南，正陽(yáng)門外東側(cè)。始建于明朝永樂十八年。是中國(guó)古代明、清兩朝歷代皇帝祭天之地?？偯娣e為273公頃。天壇1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確認(rèn)為“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”。
天壇這一群古建筑物，可以說(shuō)是世界聞名的。祈年殿啊，皇穹宇啊，圜丘啊，回音壁啊，都是人們熟悉的名字。游客們!現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了祈年殿的前面。您向前看，祈年殿是不是三重頂圓殿，殿頂覆蓋上青、中黃、下綠三色琉璃?這是寓意天、地、萬(wàn)物。祈年殿內(nèi)石板地面的中心有一塊直徑88.5厘米的圓形大理石，上有天然的龍鳳圖紋，即為龍鳳石，與殿頂藻井中央的木刻龍鳳浮雕上下對(duì)稱，相映成趣。 有趣的是大理石的石面上的墨色紋理頗像是一條行龍和一只飛鳳。龍紋色深，角、須、爪、尾樣樣俱備;鳳紋色淺，嘴、眼、羽毛，隱約可辨，俗名“龍鳳呈祥”石。關(guān)于龍鳳石還有一美麗的傳說(shuō)，相傳這塊大理石上原來(lái)只有鳳紋，而殿頂藻井內(nèi)只有雕龍。天長(zhǎng)日久，龍鳳竟有了靈感，金龍常常飛下來(lái)和玉鳳相會(huì)。不料有一次龍鳳正在相會(huì)，卻趕上一個(gè)皇帝來(lái)祭天，金龍來(lái)不及飛回，皇帝跪在石上行禮時(shí)，將癡情的金龍和玉鳳雙雙壓到圓石里面去了。從此，有了這一龍一鳳的龍鳳石。
走完了祈年殿，現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了回音壁。北京天壇的回音壁是中國(guó)迄今保存較完好的具有回音效果的古代建筑，回音其實(shí)是聲音反射作用的結(jié)果。中國(guó)各地某些半圓形拱門、拱橋、英國(guó)倫敦圣保羅教堂等都是聲學(xué)與建筑學(xué)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。怎樣?是不是很有趣?現(xiàn)在我們一起走進(jìn)來(lái)看一看吧!游客們，你們知道怎么使用回音壁嗎?其實(shí)，回音壁有回音的效果。如果一個(gè)人站在東配殿的墻下面朝北墻輕聲說(shuō)話，而另一個(gè)人站在西配殿的墻下面朝北墻輕聲說(shuō)話，兩個(gè)人把耳朵靠近墻，即可清楚地聽見遠(yuǎn)在另一端的對(duì)方的聲音，而且說(shuō)話的聲音回音悠長(zhǎng)?，F(xiàn)在讓大家自由參觀20分鐘，然后集合，請(qǐng)大家注意以下事項(xiàng)：
1、不要亂丟垃圾
2、不要隨地吐痰
3、不要亂涂亂畫
20分鐘已經(jīng)到了，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)您自做安排游玩，謝謝!
香港旅游介紹詞天壇大佛和迪士尼樂園篇二
各位游客，你們好，今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。天壇是明朝的永樂皇帝建成的祭天的圣壇。
來(lái)到圜(huan)丘壇下，我們馬上要開始登壇了，不過(guò)您要留心數(shù)一數(shù)，每層的壇面都有多少臺(tái)階。到了最高層大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，壇上的所有的臺(tái)階都是九或是九的倍數(shù)。這些難道是巧合嗎?當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)榫攀菢O陽(yáng)數(shù)，所以工匠使用這個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)賦予圜丘壇“崇高”之意。
說(shuō)完了神壇的奇妙，我再給你們介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就在這里祭天，在這個(gè)典禮上，特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文站在的地方，就是這塊天心石。它是天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象之一，在這里朗讀的時(shí)候，聲音特別洪亮，各位游客不妨體驗(yàn)一下，也像當(dāng)年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說(shuō)自己美好的愿望。
今天的觀光游覽就要結(jié)束了，在天壇的這段時(shí)光希望成為北京之游的永恒記憶。同時(shí)也請(qǐng)您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人、朋友。
3
各位游客：大家好!歡迎來(lái)到北京天壇?？梢越形摇皽珜?dǎo)游”。希望大家玩得開心，玩得愉快!
朋友們，現(xiàn)在到的地方就是北京天壇。大家往上看，有三個(gè)想似ufo的天壇。這么大，真是氣魄雄偉!
天壇在原北京外城的東南部。位于故宮正南偏東的城南，正陽(yáng)門外東側(cè)。始建于明朝永樂十八年(1420年)。是中國(guó)古代明、清兩朝歷代皇帝祭天之地?？偯娣e為273公頃，是明清兩代用以“祭天祈谷“的建筑。天壇1961年，國(guó)務(wù)院公布天壇為”全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位“。1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確認(rèn)為“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”。
天壇占地272萬(wàn)平方米，整個(gè)面積比紫禁城(故宮)還大些，有兩重坦墻，形成內(nèi)外壇，主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北縱軸。壇墻南方北圓，象征天圓地方。圜丘壇在南，祈谷壇在北，二壇同在一條南北軸線上，中間有墻相隔。圜丘壇內(nèi)主要建筑有圜丘壇、皇穹宇等，祈谷壇內(nèi)主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年門等。
“各位游客，今天的行程就到這里，歡迎大家有時(shí)間再來(lái)細(xì)細(xì)游賞?！?/p>
香港旅游介紹詞天壇大佛和迪士尼樂園篇三
ladies and gentlemen:
welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.
the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?
the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.
the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.
the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?
according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.
now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.
it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)
this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .
the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)
(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.
the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.
to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.
aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.
in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)
the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.
now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.
entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.
the passage is spanided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.
contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.
looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.
the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)
this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.
the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .
today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.
the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.
(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.
without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 spanisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.
the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.
the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.
the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.
by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.
from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.
well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.
香港旅游介紹詞天壇大佛和迪士尼樂園篇四
ladies and gentlemen:
welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.
(along the southern sacred road leading to the circular mound altar)
the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ,the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?
the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.
the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe, or nature. in those days, there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.
(along the imperial passage leading from the southern lattice star gate in front of the circular mound altar)
the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of souther
n lattice star gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
on the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
(atop the circular mound alter)
we are now on the top terrace of the altar, or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?
according to an cient chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
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