2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句

2016/09/26 01:30:13文/網編3

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句

表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當表語。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句的形式

A

The problem is puzzling.

這個問題令人困惑。

主語+連系動詞+形容詞作表語

The problem is when we can get a pay rise.

問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪。

主語+連系動詞+句子作表語(表語從句)

B

連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whichever ,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。

(1) 從屬連詞that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。 注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. 這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。 能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。

(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句例句

一、名詞作表語

Africa is a big continent.

非洲是個大洲。

That remains a puzzle to me.

這對我還是個難題。

二、代詞作表語

What’s your fax number

你的傳真號是多少

Who's your best friend

你最好的朋友是誰

三、形容詞作表語

I feel much better today.

我今天感覺好多了。

He is old but he is healthy。

他很老,但他很健康。

四、數(shù)詞作表語

She was the first to learn about it.

她是第一個知道的人。

五、不定式作表語

Her job is selling computers.

她的工作是銷售電腦。

Our next step was to get raw materials ready.

我們下一步是把原料準備好。

作表語的不定式短語通常是說明主語的內容,這時主語通常是如下名詞:

hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.

新技術的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。

Her wish is to become a singer.

她的愿望是當一名歌手。

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

我們的計劃就是在兩星期內完成這項工作。

六、介詞短語作表語

The patient is out of danger.

病人脫險了。

I don’t feel at ease.

我感到不自在。

七. 副詞作表語

The sun is up.

太陽升起來了。

I must be off now.

我得走了。

八.從句作表語

This is what he said.

這就是他所說的話。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句的注意事項

A

表語從句一定要用正常語序。

False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B

引導名詞性從句時if/whether(是否)用法辨析:

if不能引導表語從句,只能用whether 來引導。

引導賓語從句時if/whether可以互換,但介詞后面的賓語從句只能用whether來引導。

位于句首的主語從句只能用whether來引導,同位語從句也只能用whether來引導。

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

C

不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復合句中,主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。

Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.

D

that在表語從句中不可以省掉。表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動詞只能是連系動詞。

名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句。

例如:The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語)

The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當賓語)

What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語, that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分,但不能省略)

That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)

That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語)

“That is why...”是常用句型, 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語, 該句型通常用于針對前面已經說明過的原因進行總結, 又如:That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮, 這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進行概括)。// That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。

下面是兩個與“That is why...”形式相似的結構, 它們與“That is why...”結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚:

(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義, 只不過從語法結構上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導的是—個定語從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結構一樣, 例如:

That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。

(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語, 這也是個常用句型, 意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”。“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果, 例如:

He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影, 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結果, 第二句話說明原因)

He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因, 第二句話說明結果)

▲高考英語語法必考知識點:表語從句考題

考題1

The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

[答案] D

[解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句, 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此, 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。

考題2

You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)

A. why B. where C. what D. how

[答案] B

[解析] 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞, “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構), 下劃線應填入引導詞where, 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。

考題3

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that ____ you had a few days off (1999)

A. why B. when C. what D. where

[答案] A

[解析] 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語, 下劃線應填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why。

考題4

____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)

A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

[答案] A

[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語, 特指她所不理解的事情, 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果, 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導對應的名詞性從句), 應填入引導詞why。

考題5

____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

[答案] B

[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語, 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由, 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。

考題6

— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game

— Oh,that’s ____. (2003北京春)

A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

[答案] A

[解析] A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”; B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”; C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”; D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時候”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應, 充當表語從句。

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