學(xué)分網(wǎng)給各位考生整理了2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句,希望對大家有所幫助。更多的資訊請持續(xù)關(guān)注學(xué)分網(wǎng)。(http://www.aiweibaby.com/)
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)
先行詞
指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞。
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個作用:
①連接作用,連接主句和定語從句。
②指代先行詞。
③在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語、賓語、定語之分。一般who做主語或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(whom作賓語時可省略),whose作為定語(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,賓語,定語等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(where),時間狀語(when),原因狀語(why)。
定語
定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動詞不定式短語、動名詞表示的)漢語中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任,也可以由一個句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語。短語、從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語。
被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個喜歡唱歌的女孩。
這就是一個定語從句。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他就是想見你的人嗎(who/that在從句中作主語)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從 句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語時,應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago
(對)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句
限定性定語從句
意義:
限定性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.
在引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句時,that有時相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which
(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反。
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
在限定性定語從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞賓語時,關(guān)系代詞可省略。
(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書很有趣。
(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted 想要什么東西嗎
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句
非限定性定語從句
意義:
非限定性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用,缺少也不會影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開,如
(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden.我買的房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本我已經(jīng)讀過三遍的小說很感人。
1.非限定性定語從句可將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:
(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
2. 在非限定定語從句中,有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞,若as在從句中作主語,其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。例如:
(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣,這個男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。
(2) As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每個人都知道,中國是一個有著悠久歷史的美麗國家。
3. 在非限定性定語從句中,不能用從句做主語
(1)The boys ,who are playing football ,are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。
(2)I helped an old man ,who lost his way ,yesterday . 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋€迷路的老人。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句的易錯點(diǎn)
1)當(dāng)表示時間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時,要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞,反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
答案:A
解析:兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.
2)當(dāng)主語為物時,不能用what
3)there be句型中,指人用who指物用that。
4)當(dāng)主句中缺少主語或表語時,用the one。
5)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時,關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which
6)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時,注意判斷介詞與從句謂語是否有關(guān)系,以確定為定語從句
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):定語從句的練習(xí)題及答案
1.This is the mountain village ________ I stayed last year.
2.This is the mountain village ________ I visited last year,.
3.I’ll never forget the days ________ I spent in the countryside.
4.I’ll never forget the days ________ I worked together with you.
5.I forget the time ________ he will come.
6.I forget the time ________ he told me.
7.The reason ________ he can’t come is that he is ill.
8.The reason ________ he told me is not true.
9.This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
10.This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
11.This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
12.This is the reason ________ he was absent.
13.This is the reason _______ can explain his absence.
答案
1.where
2. which
3. which / than
4. when
5. when
6. which
7. why
8. which / that
9. which
10.where
11.which
12.why
13.which
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):非限定性定語從句
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):限定性定語從句
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):名詞性從句
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):同位語從句
@xuefen.com.cn 2013-2022 蘇ICP備2022025589號-4-1 最近更新