2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過(guò)去時(shí)

例：

1、主動(dòng)：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被動(dòng)：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.

孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。

2、

主動(dòng)：People regard him as brilliant.

被動(dòng)：He is regarded as brilliant by people.

人們認(rèn)為他很有才華。

以上兩例都是一般時(shí)態(tài)用“be done”的事例，be有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)、數(shù)變，第三人稱(chēng)“foreign friends”是復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以“be done”就是“were given”，而“People regard him as brilliant”一句，被動(dòng)后的“be done”就變成單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)“is regarded”的形式了。

被動(dòng)：

This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （“was delivered”即為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)）

這是王同志的講演。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

邊境發(fā)生非常嚴(yán)重列車(chē)事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。

A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.

直言不諱的人才是真正誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

A note was passed up to the speaker.

有人給講演者遞上來(lái)一張紙條。

John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.

喬治被選為班長(zhǎng)來(lái)代替亨利。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

完成時(shí)態(tài)

“havedone”，被動(dòng)將“been”加中間。

（過(guò)去完成時(shí)“had done”也包括在內(nèi)）。

例：

1、主動(dòng)：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.

被動(dòng)：English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.（“have”隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)椤癶as”）

我們已經(jīng)在學(xué)校里學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。

2、主動(dòng)：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被動(dòng)：100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底他們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)。

3、主動(dòng)：They have set up a power station in their home town.

被動(dòng)：A power station has been set up in their home town.

他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。

4、主動(dòng)：They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被動(dòng)：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.

他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。

5、主動(dòng)：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被動(dòng)： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人們把裝滿(mǎn)垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

6、主動(dòng)：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

被動(dòng)：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.

核能被我們用來(lái)發(fā)電。

7、主動(dòng)：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

被動(dòng)：He has never been beaten at tennis.

就網(wǎng)球來(lái)說(shuō)還沒(méi)有人是他的對(duì)手。

（“No one”涉及到全否定和部分否定問(wèn)題，見(jiàn)否定一講）

The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.

有槍的人可能會(huì)試圖否認(rèn)他開(kāi)了槍。但是任何看到槍冒的煙的人都會(huì)知道他剛才開(kāi)了槍。

Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob.

今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和鮑勃結(jié)婚。

The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.

演講委員會(huì)已宣布了這些講演的題目。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)也是一樣：

主動(dòng)：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.

被動(dòng)：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

“shall(will) do”，被動(dòng)變“do”為“be done”

即由“shall do”或“will do”變?yōu)椤皊hall done”或“will be done”。

例：主動(dòng)：We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.

被動(dòng)：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.

我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。

（“shall do”中的“shall”要隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)椤皐ill”，“do”要變?yōu)椤癰e done”。）

主動(dòng)：I shall send my second boy to school next September.

被動(dòng)：My second boy will be sent to school next September.

過(guò)年九月我將送我次子去讀書(shū)。

主動(dòng)：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.

被動(dòng)：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by swindlers.

磚塊外面會(huì)被騙子們鍍上一層金來(lái)做這樣的“金磚”。

主動(dòng)：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

被動(dòng)：You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.

同樣：

After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 電池使用一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)該更換。

Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是整天供電的，但是明天早晨將會(huì)停電。

More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。

More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 為了在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)奇跡，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始需要做更多工作。

The machine will not be used again. 這機(jī)器不能再用了。

Will more gas be needed 需要更多的煤氣嗎

但如果是一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)如何處理呢請(qǐng)記下面口訣：

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去某時(shí)將發(fā)生。

主動(dòng)“should（would）”“do”，被動(dòng)“be done”代原形。

將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)同。

主動(dòng)：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.

被動(dòng)：whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.

幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否應(yīng)該提前執(zhí)行新的計(jì)劃。

主動(dòng)：I did not say that we would change the equipment.

被動(dòng)：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.

我并沒(méi)說(shuō)過(guò)我們將換掉那臺(tái)設(shè)備。

主動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.

被動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.

幾天前，我的導(dǎo)師說(shuō)他將對(duì)我進(jìn)行個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)。

主動(dòng)：I never thought that he would bring me the information so early.

被動(dòng)：I never thought that the information would be brought to me by him so early.

我沒(méi)想到他那么早就會(huì)把資料帶給我。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall（will）be doing，

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)同。have（has）been doing，

即將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一行為發(fā)生在過(guò)去。

例；We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. （將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來(lái)檢查這臺(tái)設(shè)備。

In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.（將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）幾分鐘后我們的客機(jī)將在同溫層中飛行。

How long have you been studying English 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)多久了（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機(jī)場(chǎng)等了一整天了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronomy. 從那時(shí)以來(lái)，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)家成功地處理了許多天文學(xué)上的問(wèn)題。

（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）以上均無(wú)被動(dòng)態(tài)。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)都是“be”的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)和數(shù)的形式加“doing”。而被動(dòng)態(tài)則是“be”加上“being done”的形式，“being”是不變的?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)是被動(dòng)態(tài)的重點(diǎn)，容易搞錯(cuò)。例如：

主動(dòng)：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.

被動(dòng)：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 兩座水庫(kù)同時(shí)建造。

The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會(huì)的委員們正在考慮那個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題.

We could not get through because the 19th Road was being repaired. 我們過(guò)不去，因?yàn)橐痪怕氛S修呢。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。

帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語(yǔ)來(lái)變化，這些詞如“can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need（需要）;have to（不得不）;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：

主動(dòng)：We must keep this inmind.

被動(dòng)：This must be kept inmind.

我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。

主動(dòng)：We can put the refrigerator in that place.

被動(dòng)：The refrigerator can be put in that place.

我們可以把電冰箱放在那個(gè)地方。

主動(dòng)：We shall not use the washing machine again.

被動(dòng)：The washing machine will not be used again.

我們不能再用那臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)了。 原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)“shall use”被動(dòng)態(tài)中隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)椤皐ill”。

主動(dòng)：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.

被動(dòng)：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. （“shall”變“will”）

我們將采取更多的措施來(lái)防止腐蝕。

I ought to be criticized for it. 我應(yīng)該為此受到批評(píng)。

All this has to be solved with great care. 這一切得認(rèn)真解決。

The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 門(mén)廳將被重建。

The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展覽會(huì)將在明日開(kāi)放。

“may”加不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體表示“可能”，主要用于肯定句，決不能用在疑問(wèn)句中。而“can”與不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體連用表示“可能”，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，不用于肯定句。但如果“can”或“may”的過(guò)去式即“could”與“might”與不定式完成體或完成進(jìn)行體搭配時(shí)，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？稀⒎?、陳、疑，均可。

It can't have been lost in the post, can it

它不可能是在郵局丟失的吧：（反意疑問(wèn)句）

否定助后加“not”，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。

在否定句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，否定副詞“not”一定加在第一助動(dòng)詞之后，不放在別的助動(dòng)詞之后。同樣在疑問(wèn)句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。

例：Why has（一助）not anything been（二助）done to end the strike

“not”必須放在第一助動(dòng)詞“has”之后，第一助動(dòng)詞“has”必須放在主語(yǔ)“anything”之前。決不可寫(xiě)成： why has not been anything done toendthe strike或why has been not anything done to end the strike

為什么不采取些措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工呢

The exercise will not be done in class.

不可寫(xiě)成：The exercise will be not done in class.

我們將不在課堂上作練習(xí)。

In what other way could（一助）information about Mars be（二助）obtained

用什么別的途徑能獲得火星的資料呢

Why had he been imprisoned

他為什么入獄

Need she be told about it

需要告訴他嗎

主語(yǔ)恰是疑問(wèn)詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前

凡主語(yǔ)恰好是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞或由疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

例：What（主語(yǔ)）could be dropped from a satellite

什么東西會(huì)被從衛(wèi)星上扔下

What measures（主語(yǔ)）are being taken to develop this new science（主語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)詞“what”所修飾）

什么措施正在被采取以發(fā)展這門(mén)新的科技

What kind of device（主語(yǔ)）is needed to make the control system simple（主語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)詞所修飾）

需要什么裝置來(lái)使控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)化

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)步驟

一、理解含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)明某個(gè)被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作所反映出的感情和態(tài)度。初中階段可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分別表示“能夠被……”，“可以被……”，“必須被……”，“需要被……“，應(yīng)該被……”等。

二、掌握含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同句式的變換方法含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句、否定句的變化均借助于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成。

（一）一般疑問(wèn)句直接將陳述句被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。如： Must this work be done at once這項(xiàng)工作必須立即完成嗎 Should your homework be finished before six你的家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)在六點(diǎn)前完成嗎

（二）特殊疑問(wèn)句由疑問(wèn)詞加上一般疑問(wèn)句被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成。如： When must this work be done這工作必須在什么時(shí)候完成 Where can the lost book be found這本失蹤的書(shū)能在什么地方被找到

（三）反意疑問(wèn)句借助情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成附加疑問(wèn)部分。如： This bridge can be built next year，can't it這座橋能建成，是嗎 This book shouldn't be taken out of the library，should it這本書(shū)不應(yīng)被帶出圖書(shū)館，是嗎

（四）否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”時(shí)否定式為“needn't”。如：This work needn't be done at once．這項(xiàng)工作沒(méi)必要立即做。This dustbin shouldn't be put here．這個(gè)垃圾箱不應(yīng)放在這兒。 三、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句的回答應(yīng)保留原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但“must”表“必須”時(shí)，其否定回答應(yīng)用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”時(shí)，其肯定回答應(yīng)用“must”。

如： —Should my exercises be finished today我的作業(yè)應(yīng)在今天完成嗎 —Yes，they should．是的，應(yīng)在今天完成。 （No，they shouldn't．不，不應(yīng)在今天完成。） —Must his exercise book be handed in at once他的練習(xí)本必須立即上交嗎 —Yes，it must．是的，必須立即上交。 （No，it needn't．不，不必立即上交。） —Need he be operated on at once他必須立即手術(shù)嗎 —Yes，he must．是的，他必須。 （No，he needn't．不，他不必。）

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