范文為教學(xué)中作為模范的文章，也常常用來(lái)指寫作的模板。常常用于文秘寫作的參考，也可以作為演講材料編寫前的參考。那么我們?cè)撊绾螌懸黄^為完美的范文呢？以下是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文，歡迎大家分享閱讀。
考試對(duì)教育的副作用篇一
you need to proofread your cover letter carefully. this is my first introduction to you. this is your chance to impress me. if you have sloppy spelling， capitalization， and spelling in your cover letter i‘ll expect that your code as the same sort of problems. i’m not looking for pulitzer-prize-winning stuff here， but most kids learn in first grade to capitalize proper nouns and the beginnings of sentences.
your resume should tell me what languages you know， what technologies you have experience with， and how you‘ve applied that experience. unless you’re applying for a job as a secretary， you don‘t need to tell me you’re proficient at ms word — if you‘re a software developer， i assume you’re familiar enough the basic workings of a word processor to use it to open a document and read a spec. do tell me what sort of systems you‘ve built and what challenges you overcame while building them. do tell me how you applied your knowledge of efficient database operation to decrease server load by 30%.
when i look at your resume i should get a sense of what size projects you‘ve worked on. if you’ve worked with an internationally-known company， then i immediately understand you‘ve had exposure to larger projects. if all of your experience was at no-name companies in north dakota， then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars. otherwise i’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple asp front ends to little access databases.
and finally， follow the directions for applying for the job. if i went to the trouble of describing how you should apply， there‘s probably a good reason for it. if i ask for a plain-text resume， don’t send a word document or a link to your resume on your web site. if i ask for a code sample， include it. if you can‘t follow those simple directions， how can i expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?
i don‘t even look at those emails i get with word attachments， no code samples， no information about availability or your location. i simply file them away in case i ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.
reading comprehension
1. why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?
[a] it‘s a waste of time.
[b] it is absurd.
[c] it will make your cover letter not do its job.
[d] there is no need to do so.
2. why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?
[a] because it is a quality that a pupil should have.
[b] proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.
[c] it will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.
[d] it can make you win pulitzer-prize.
3. why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?
[a] because this will highlight your resume.
[b] because you are required to do so.
[c] because this will let your reader know you better.
[d]because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.
4. what‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?
[a] to face puzzledom.
[b] an amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.
[c] have some difficulties.
[d] some problems can‘t be solve.
5. what‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?
[a] rule.
[b] law.
[c] a detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.
[d] an direction.
1. [c] 細(xì)節(jié)題。準(zhǔn)確定位到原文是解題的關(guān)鍵。本題出現(xiàn)在原文的第二段。題目問(wèn)道作者為什么建議不要把求職信放在簡(jiǎn)歷的另一個(gè)附件里，該題正確的理解應(yīng)為如果把求職信放在另一個(gè)附件中則求職信將發(fā)揮不出它
的作用。
2. [c] 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的干擾項(xiàng)在b項(xiàng)。校對(duì)的確可以減少錯(cuò)誤，但這并不是篇章強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。本文認(rèn)為避免一些低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤是給審查簡(jiǎn)歷的人留下好印象的機(jī)會(huì)。
3. [d] 細(xì)節(jié)題。請(qǐng)看文中的第五段，“then i immediately understand you‘ve had exposure to larger projects.”這樣我便知道你有做大型項(xiàng)目的能力，也就是選項(xiàng)中需要我們選出的答案：這樣可以使你簡(jiǎn)歷的讀者知道你具備做
大型項(xiàng)目的能力。
4. [b] 邏輯判斷題。本題先要解決對(duì)原句的理解問(wèn)題，詞組“went to the trouble”指的是不厭其煩。然后再定位到原文，根據(jù)上下文邏輯，可以推知，作者是在講他之所以不厭其煩的解釋怎樣申請(qǐng)工作的原因，所以b為正確選項(xiàng)。
5. [c]推斷題。從原文句式上看，這里是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，是邏輯上的順延，所以一定是與“direction”同意的一個(gè)詞。再加上邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以正確的解釋應(yīng)該是“制造某項(xiàng)設(shè)備的詳細(xì)指令?！?/p>
考試對(duì)教育的副作用篇二
when it comes to schooling， the herrera boys are no match for the herrera girls. last week， four years after she arrived from honduras， martha， 20， graduated from fairfax high school in los angeles. she managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a kentucky fried chicken. her sister， marlin， 22， attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant. the brothers are a different story. oscar， 17， was expelled two years ago from fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school. the youngest， jonathan， 15， is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law. “the boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother， suyapa landaverde. “the girls are more confident.”
this is no aberration. immigrant girls consistently outperform boys， according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed， five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind， including latino， chinese and haitian kids——by marcelo and carola suarez-orozco of the harvard graduate school of education. though that trend holds for u.s.-born kids as well， the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different. the study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys. “the girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth， says marcelo suarez-orozco， “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.
consider the kids' experiences in school. the study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt american youth culture——the dress， the slang， the disdain for education. they're disciplined more often and， as a result， develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society. they may also face more debilitating prejudices. one teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”
gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well. often hailing from traditional cultures， the girls face greater domestic obligations. they also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world， says carola suarez-orozco. an unintended consequence： “the girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” take christina im， 18， a junior at fairfax who arrived from south korea four years ago. she ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on saturdays at her mother's clothing shop. her brother? “he plays computer games，” says im.
the harvard study bears a cautionary note： if large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear， plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. oscar herrera， martha's dropout brother， may be realizing that. “i'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother. he ought to look to his sisters for guidance.
1. in the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by
[a]posing a contrast
[b]justifying an assumption
[c]making a comparison
[d]explaining a phenomenon
2. the statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(line two， paragraph 4) implies that
[a]they work as a translator for their parents
[b]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture
[c]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world
[d]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.
3. immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons， except that
[a]american youth culture has a bad influence on the boys
[b]people have prejudice against them
[c]their sense of responsibility is not as
sidetracked 使受牽制的，誤入歧途的
aberration 失常;偏差
outperform 勝過(guò)
preliminary 預(yù)備的，初步的
discrepancy 相差，差異，矛盾
adept at 熟練于…;擅長(zhǎng)于…
straddle 跨坐
navigate 航行于，駕駛，操縱
adversarial 敵手的，對(duì)手的
debilitate 使衰弱，使虛弱
macho 男子的，男子氣的
hailing from 來(lái)自，在某地生長(zhǎng)
mediate 仲裁，調(diào)停
foist 偷偷插入，使混入
phenomenally 現(xiàn)象上的，明白地;驚人地
irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能補(bǔ)救地
look to sb. for sth.以來(lái)或指望某人提供或作某事物
fare 進(jìn)展;成功
1. last week， four years after she arrived from honduras， martha， 20， graduated from fairfax high school in los angeles. she managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a kentucky fried chicken.
[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句話是一個(gè)并列句，其主干“martha graduated from fairfax high school in los angeles. she managed decent grades…”。four years after she arrived from honduras和20是插入語(yǔ);while引導(dǎo)的斷語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示讓步。
2. “the girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth， says marcelo suarez-orozco， “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.
[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話的主干是“the girls are able to retain some of the protective features…”。because引導(dǎo)的是原因莊宇從句;says marcelo suarez-orozco是插入語(yǔ);while 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中的it指的是new culture.
3. one teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”
[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話的主干是“one teacher said that…”。interviewed for the study作定語(yǔ)修飾teacher;that 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾cultural awareness training.
4. the harvard study bears a cautionary note： if large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear， plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.
[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話的主干是“the harvard study bears a cautionary note…”。冒號(hào)后面的句子是在解釋前面的句子;if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句;破折號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容是在進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明if 引導(dǎo)的從句。
1. c 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“在開始段落，作者通過(guò) 介紹他的主題”。文章第一段提到，談到學(xué)校教育，哈瑞羅家的男孩無(wú)法與女孩相提并論;隨后，作者分別介紹了女孩和男孩的表現(xiàn);該段最后引用孩子們的母親的話指出，男孩子大都誤入歧途，而女孩子卻更自信。這說(shuō)明，作者是通過(guò)相互比較引出其主題的。[c]“做比較”是對(duì)該段的恰當(dāng)概括，為正確答案。[a]“形成對(duì)照”不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)閏ontrast主要指的是對(duì)立，與文意不符;第一段中沒(méi)有提到某種假設(shè)，所以[b]“證明一種假設(shè)正確”不對(duì);第一段中只是提出了女孩在學(xué)校教育方面比男孩表現(xiàn)好，并沒(méi)有解釋原因，所以[d]“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”不對(duì)。
2. b 推論題。本題的問(wèn)題是“‘她們也常常擔(dān)任文化大使’(第四段)這句話暗示 ”。文章第二段提到，移民女孩比男孩更擅長(zhǎng)于適應(yīng)不同的文化，并且她們可以幫助其父母適應(yīng)新文化;而第四段前面部分提到，女孩面臨更多家庭義務(wù)，她們也常常擔(dān)任“文化大使”。為她們的父母擔(dān)任翻譯，并且在父母與外部世界之間進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)。由此可知，該句話表明，女孩可以幫助父母理解外國(guó)文化。[b]“她們幫助父母更好地了解外國(guó)文化”是對(duì)文中相關(guān)信息的改寫，為正確答案。[a]“她們充當(dāng)她們父母的翻譯”是該句話的字面意思，不能表達(dá)深層含意，所以不對(duì);[c]“她們鼓勵(lì)父母進(jìn)入外面的世界”是誤解了該句話的意思;[d]“她們的父母幫助她們實(shí)現(xiàn)成為大使的夢(mèng)想”明顯與文意不符。
3. a 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“由于下面的原因，移民男孩不會(huì)在外面獲得成功，除了”。文章第三段介紹了男孩受到的影響，指出，他們受懲戒的次數(shù)更多，因此，他們會(huì)跟老師以及更廣大的社會(huì)發(fā)展更敵對(duì)的關(guān)系，他們也可能面對(duì)更多令人沮喪的偏見：這說(shuō)明，[b]“人們對(duì)他們有偏見”和[d]“他們沒(méi)有處理好與老師和外面社會(huì)的關(guān)系”是移民男孩不會(huì)獲得成功的原因;第四段提到，由于女孩通常是在傳統(tǒng)文化中成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的，所以她們面臨更多家庭義務(wù)，女孩不得不承擔(dān)的責(zé)任比男孩多;這說(shuō)明，[c]“他們的責(zé)任感不像女孩那么強(qiáng)烈”是移民男孩不會(huì)獲得成功的原因。[a]“美國(guó)的青少年文化對(duì)男孩有不利的影響”是針對(duì)第三段第二句設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中說(shuō)的是“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，男孩要想接受美國(guó)的青少年文化，他們會(huì)面臨更多同齡人的'壓力”，說(shuō)明[a]與文意不符。
4. c 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“馬賽羅和卡羅拉。蘇瑞茲。歐羅絲科在研究中最后發(fā)現(xiàn)”。文章第二段提到，根據(jù)馬賽羅和卡羅拉。蘇瑞茲。歐羅絲科剛剛完成的一項(xiàng)研究初步結(jié)果可知，移民女孩一向優(yōu)于男孩;隨后的段落解釋了造成這種狀況的原因，指出，哈佛大學(xué)的研究顯示，大量移民男孩在學(xué)業(yè)上荒廢，許多人的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)差得令人難以置信。這說(shuō)明，他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，移民男孩的表現(xiàn)比女孩差。[c]“移民女孩比移民男孩的表現(xiàn)好”是對(duì)文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。[a]“移民男孩不應(yīng)該被容許進(jìn)入外面的世界”屬于無(wú)中生有;[b]“移民男孩對(duì)青少年文化沒(méi)有判斷力”是針對(duì)文中“boys face more peer pressure to adopt anierican youth culture”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;文章第三段提到，正因?yàn)橐泼衲泻⑹艿礁嗟膽徒?，所以他們?huì)跟老師和社會(huì)發(fā)展更敵對(duì)的關(guān)系，說(shuō)明懲戒太多會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的影響，所以[d]“移民男孩應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)厲懲戒”與研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)相反。
5. b 推論題。本題的問(wèn)題是“根據(jù)最后一段，我們可以推知什么?”最后一段提到，哈佛大學(xué)的研究表明，如果大量移民男孩繼續(xù)在學(xué)業(yè)上荒廢，那么他們將不可避免地面臨在經(jīng)濟(jì)上陷入社會(huì)底層的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。[b]“許多移民男孩將來(lái)可能陷入困境”是對(duì)該句話的mt.-~，為正確答案。[a]“所有輟學(xué)者都應(yīng)該接受良好的教育”和[d]“應(yīng)該更關(guān)注移~——t-a-”屬于無(wú)中生有;[c]“學(xué)校教育被人們忽視了”是對(duì)文中“imlnigrant boys continue to be alienated academically”設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了be alienated academically的意思。
考試對(duì)教育的副作用篇三
eat, drink and be merry. that’s what spring festival is all about. but there are millions of people, too, who love to let happiness go up in smoke.
offering cigarettes to guests is a traditional chinese way of showing respect to them. a cup of tea and cigarettes are perhaps the most common way of welcoming a guest in china, especially during festive occasions such as the lunar new year.
no wonder, 40 percent of the people surveyed recently said they would smoke at least twice the usual number of cigarettes during the spring festival because of all those gatherings and parties. only 20 percent of the respondents said they would refuse a cigarette when offered one. why can’t the others do the same? because they could be seen as being rude, said more than half in the respondents. 15 percent feared they could be taken as “someone who cannot get along well with others”.
the think-tank research centre for health development and survey shows 61 percent chinese think offering a cigarette is useful for socializing, and 52 percent have offered cigarettes to others. the study surveyed 3,800 people, and 64 percent of them were men.
one-third of those surveyed were smokers, out of which 57 percent said they couldn’t give up smoking because of the offering-and-accepting culture. “people have accepted offering cigarettes as an effective way of making friends,” research centre director wu yiqun says.
china has more than 350 million smokers, catering to the tobacco market that is worth 500 billion yuan. “the survey shows we still have a lot of work to do,” wu says. “it is time to let people know that offering a cigarette is a bad habit and it should be given up immediately.”
1. the passage is written with the purpose of ________.
a. telling us a custom about the chinese spring festival
b. introducing a way to make friends with chinese
c. stopping smoking during the chinese spring festival
d. telling us that offering cigarettes is a bad habit
2. the third paragraph mainly tells us ________.
a. the fact that smokers are greatly increasing during the festival
b. the reason why refusing cigarettes is acceptable
c. the fact that many people have to smoke more cigarettes during the festival
d. it is rude to attend parties without smoking cigarettes
答案：dc
考試對(duì)教育的副作用篇四
we might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. it really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. for all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. they may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. that is because so much depends on them. they are the mark of success of failure in our society. your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. it doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. no one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. the moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
a good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. the examination system does anything but that. what has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. they lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. the most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
the results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. examiners are only human. they get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. they work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. and their word carries weight. after a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. there must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? this is what it boils down to in the last analysis. the best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘i were a teenage drop-out and now i are a teenage millionaire.’
1. the main idea of this passage is
[a] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.
[b] examinations are ineffective.
[c] examinations are profitable for institutions.
[d] examinations are a burden on students.
2. the author’s attitude toward examinations is
[a]detest.
[b] approval.
[c] critical.
[d] indifferent.
3. the fate of students is decided by
[a] education.
[b] institutions.
[c] examinations.
[d] students themselves.
4. according to the author, the most important of a good education is
[a] to encourage students to read widely.
[b] to train students to think on their own.
[c] to teach students how to tackle exams.
[d] to master his fate.
5. why does the author mention court?
[a] give an example.
[b] for comparison.
[c] it shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.
[d] it shows the results of court is more effectise.
vocabulary
1. pernicious 有害的，惡性的，破壞性的
2. knack 竅門，訣竅
3. embark 乘船，登記
4. write off 勾銷，注銷。確認(rèn)某食物已損失或無(wú)效
5. syllabus教學(xué)大綱
6. cram 塞入，把某物塞進(jìn)，突擊式學(xué)習(xí)（尤指應(yīng)考），以注入方式教人
7. duress 威脅，逼迫
8. stack 堆，垛
9. scrawl 寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不工整，不仔細(xì)）潦草的筆跡，七扭八歪的字
10. script講稿，劇本，腳本，筆試答卷
11. cynical 憤世嫉俗的，自私得為人不齒的
12. boil down 熬濃，濃縮，歸納
難句譯注
1. for all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.
【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠(chéng)的說(shuō)法說(shuō)考試能測(cè)定你所知道的東西，但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反，這是眾所周之的常識(shí)。
2. as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】second to none固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物。
【參考譯文】（測(cè)）考試作為憂慮的制造者，真是出類拔萃。
3. induce cramming
誘人采用突擊式學(xué)習(xí)方式。cram盡力塞入，應(yīng)試突擊學(xué)習(xí)。ex: cram for a chemistry test.為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時(shí)抱佛腳。cram pupils以填鴨式教學(xué)生。
4. yet you have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.
【參考譯文】他們不得不在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，給一大堆匆忙涂寫而成的筆試答卷批分。
5. and their word carries weight.
【參考譯文】可他們的話/文字（這里指分?jǐn)?shù)）有份量（有影響）。
6. this is what it boils down to in the last analysis.
【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇類似分類寫作的文章。羅列了考試種種惡果。作者首先指出考試難以測(cè)定人的真正能力和水平，反而是適得其反。二是考試是憂慮的制造者，因?yàn)樗鼪Q定了人的成敗命運(yùn)。三是考試促使學(xué)校進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育，否定了教會(huì)人獨(dú)立思考、擴(kuò)大視野。四是教師或者說(shuō)測(cè)試人又累又餓，犯錯(cuò)誤，還得在限定時(shí)間披閱成堆的試卷，他們的壓力和考試者一樣很大，而他們的話――分?jǐn)?shù)有份量，審判官的裁決，你有權(quán)上訴，而他們的裁決――一筆定終身。
最后引用“輟學(xué)者成為百萬(wàn)富翁”來(lái)點(diǎn)明測(cè)試這種形式對(duì)教育的壞影響。
答案詳解
1. a 考試對(duì)教育具有有害的影響。文章第一段就點(diǎn)明：考試是測(cè)試記憶的好方法，是測(cè)試在巨大壓力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，卻測(cè)不出一個(gè)人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考試不是促進(jìn)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀，反而限制其閱讀；考試不能使學(xué)生追求更多的知識(shí)，而是誘導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)付考試的突擊式學(xué)習(xí)。他們降低了教學(xué)水平，因?yàn)樗麄儎儕Z了老師的一切自由。常常以考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程來(lái)評(píng)定老師，是他們不得不以他們所輕視的考試技巧來(lái)培訓(xùn)學(xué)生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。
b.考試無(wú)效。這是考試后果的一個(gè)方面。c.考試對(duì)教育機(jī)構(gòu)有利。這也是一個(gè)方面。d.考試對(duì)學(xué)生是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。
2. c 批評(píng)的。第一段中作者明確指出，考試方法依舊，不能測(cè)出人的能力和水平。第二段點(diǎn)名，這種無(wú)用的考試決定人生的成敗。第三段說(shuō)考試最成功的考試者經(jīng)常不是最佳的受教育者，他們是在脅迫下最佳獲得考試技巧者，而好的教育應(yīng)能培養(yǎng)人的獨(dú)立思考。第四段涉及閱卷者又累又餓，常犯錯(cuò)誤，不得不在限定時(shí)間披閱一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪寫出的卷子。最后一句“我過(guò)去是一個(gè)是來(lái)歲的輟學(xué)者，現(xiàn)在我是一個(gè)年輕的百萬(wàn)富翁”畫龍點(diǎn)睛地指出，考試指揮下的教育的失敗。這一切都說(shuō)明作者對(duì)考試的批評(píng)態(tài)度。
a.嫌惡，厭惡。此答案從意義上說(shuō)是對(duì)的。但語(yǔ)法不通，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)東西，而is后要求是名詞或形容詞。b.贊成。d.漠不關(guān)心的。
3. c 考試。答案在第二段，考試是最終憂慮制造者，那是因?yàn)樵S多事情取決于考試：它們是我們社會(huì)中成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。你的未來(lái)可能全取決于這決定性的一天。
a.教育。b.教育機(jī)構(gòu)。d.學(xué)生自己。
4. b 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。第三段第一句話點(diǎn)明：好的教育應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自己獨(dú)立思考。
a.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀。教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。c.教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。d.掌握自己命運(yùn)。
5. b 作對(duì)比，答案在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“審判官裁決后，你有權(quán)力上訴，而披閱考卷人給分后，學(xué)生可沒(méi)有上訴權(quán)”后面又談及“一想到考試只對(duì)進(jìn)行考試的機(jī)構(gòu)有禮，未免太自私了。這酒是最終分析歸納的東西。”所以作者呼吁，可定還有許多更簡(jiǎn)便，更有效的評(píng)估人真正能力的方法。
a.給出一個(gè)例子。c.表示老師是由考試結(jié)果評(píng)定好壞。這是第三段講的不分內(nèi)容，教師他們自己常由考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程優(yōu)劣來(lái)評(píng)定。所以他們不得不對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育，降低教學(xué)水平。d.表明審判官裁決更有效。
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