人的記憶力會(huì)隨著歲月的流逝而衰退，寫作可以彌補(bǔ)記憶的不足，將曾經(jīng)的人生經(jīng)歷和感悟記錄下來，也便于保存一份美好的回憶。大家想知道怎么樣才能寫一篇比較優(yōu)質(zhì)的范文嗎？下面是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
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學(xué)業(yè)的精深造詣來源于勤奮好學(xué)，只有好學(xué)者，才能在無邊的知識(shí)海洋里獵取到真智才學(xué)，只有真正勤奮的人才能克服困難，持之以恒，不斷開拓知識(shí)的領(lǐng)域，武裝自己的頭腦，成為自己的主宰，讓我們勤奮學(xué)習(xí)，持之以恒，以下是小編為大家搜索整理的最新英語專八考試題閱讀理解精選試題，希望對(duì)正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
science is a dominant theme in our culture. since ittouches almost every facet of our life, educatedpeople need at least some acquaintance with itsstructure and operation. they should also have anunderstanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. anunderstanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts iseasier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate thescientist.
this book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with scienceis superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse ofdried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production ofgadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. the book canbe used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts togive an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course一simply to providea better understanding of science. we hope this book will lead readers to a broaderperspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientistsare, and what they do. it will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationshipbetween science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in ourculture. in addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific viewsand some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
we have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientificcommunity and the people who populate it. that population has in recent years come tocomprise more and more women. this increasing role of women in the scientific subculture isnot an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society asmore women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. indiscussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that isimplicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronounswhenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. this policy is farform being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language intreating half of the human race equally.
we have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. our approach isusually informal. we feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn' t take ourselves tooseriously. as the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as agrim and dreary way to earn a living.
ing to the passage,'scientific subculture'means
[a] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
[b]people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[c] the scientific community.
[d] people who make good contribution to science.
need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[a] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
[b]science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[c] scientists live in a specific subculture.
[d] it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[a] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
[b]are good at producing various gadgets.
[c] work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[d] want to have a superficial understanding of science.
ing to this passage,
[a] english is a sexist language.
[b]only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[c] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[d] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
passage most probably is
[a] a book review.
[b]the preface of a book.
[c] the postscript of a book.
[d] the concluding part of a book.
1.c科學(xué)社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。第三段又講到，有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)的畫面以及婦女對(duì)科學(xué)亞文化的貢獻(xiàn)?？梢娍茖W(xué)社區(qū)即亞文化。a.科學(xué)家所組成種種文化群體。b.科學(xué)知識(shí)有限的一些人。c.對(duì)科學(xué)作出很大貢獻(xiàn)的人。
2.b因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)兒乎影響到我們生活的各個(gè)方面。文章開綜明旨點(diǎn)出:科學(xué)是我們文化中的重要主題，由于它兒乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識(shí)的人至少需要熟悉一些結(jié)構(gòu)和作用。
3.a.了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學(xué)家的事情可不太容易。(比較難)c.科學(xué)家生活在特定的亞文化群中。d.了解科學(xué)的一般特性比較容易。a不太了解科學(xué)的大學(xué)生或門外漢。第二段首句就點(diǎn)出了這本書為對(duì)科學(xué)一知半解的大學(xué)生和門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學(xué)看作干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人;為那種把科學(xué)的主要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件的人;為那些把科學(xué)視為某種魔術(shù)的人而寫。這說明主要為a項(xiàng)人所寫，對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的大學(xué)生和普通人。
b.善于生產(chǎn)各種小配件。c.在干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的石屋中工作。d.相對(duì)科學(xué)有膚淺了解的人。
4.d不應(yīng)當(dāng)用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學(xué)家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現(xiàn)代的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)(社會(huì))和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進(jìn)來，原因是許多婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上為男人統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域，并作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，所以婦女在科學(xué)亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見的偶然事件，而是社會(huì)各部門明顯趨勢(shì)的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語言一一用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們?cè)诳赡芎捅匾獣r(shí)采用了復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞來取代他或她。
a.英語是一種性別語言。b.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，婦女的作用增長(zhǎng)很快。c.婦女在曉民我們語言中的不適當(dāng)性作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)此題注釋說明這三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。英語不能說成是有性別的語言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內(nèi)明確指科學(xué)界婦女增多是整個(gè)社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)的組成部分。由于婦女在科學(xué)界的貢獻(xiàn)，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學(xué)界，并不是在消滅語言……
5.b書的前言，見文章大意。
a.書的評(píng)論。c.書跋、書的附錄。d.書的結(jié)論部分。
subculture亞文化群(指在一個(gè)社會(huì)或一種文化內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特性的一群人)
superficial膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的
lay person外行，門外漢，俗人
musty發(fā)毒的，老朽的，陳腐的
gadget小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明
pervasive滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的
populate居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
implicit含蓄的，內(nèi)含的
unspecified未特別提出的
offset抵消，補(bǔ)償
an understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts iseasier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate thescientist.
如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，那就比較容易了解科學(xué)的`一般(普遍)特征以及特殊科學(xué)概念。
we hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a morerealistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do.
我們希望這本書能引導(dǎo)讀者對(duì)科學(xué)觀念有一個(gè)更為廣闊的透視;對(duì)什么是科學(xué)、科學(xué)家是些什么人以及他們?cè)诟墒裁从幸粋€(gè)更為現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)。
in addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views andsome of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
另外，讀者可學(xué)會(huì)正確評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)與我們文化中無處不在的某些價(jià)值觀和哲學(xué)思想之問的關(guān)系。
this increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but,rather,part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionallymale-dominated fields and make significant contributions.
科學(xué)亞文化群中婦女作用越來越大。這不是難得一見的意外事件，而是，確切地說，在社會(huì)各部門顯著潮流的一部分由于越來越多婦女進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上為男了統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。
this policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy ofour language in treating half of human race equally.
這一策略并不理想，但它至少承認(rèn)了一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是在平等對(duì)待人類另一半上，我們的語言功能還不全。
這是一篇書的序言，作者用夾敘夾議的寫作方法介紹了書的涉及面及其功能。
首先提出科學(xué)是我們文化的重大主題，但人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活的亞文化群，只有懂得一些激勵(lì)和挫傷科學(xué)家的種種情況，才能理解科學(xué)的一般特征及其特殊概念。
第二方面指出書的讀者對(duì)象是對(duì)科學(xué)一知半解的學(xué)生及門外漢。書可作理工科課程的輔助(補(bǔ)充)讀物，又可獨(dú)立白成體系。它可開闊人們科學(xué)的視野，真正了解科學(xué)、科學(xué)家及其工作，理解科學(xué)和文化的關(guān)系，科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)和哲學(xué)的關(guān)系。
第三方面指出亞文化群中婦女增多，貢獻(xiàn)巨大，而我們的語言卻隱含這性別的歧視，難以充分平等地反映婦女。最后指出書信息量大又具娛樂性，寓教于樂。
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