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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析
最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變,在高考試題中,命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外,還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析
用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have +done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè),高考試題中常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)給以暗示。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的這一用法可以用 “對(duì)立統(tǒng)一”來(lái)概括。
1.當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動(dòng)作和意義上相互補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,且整個(gè)句意在動(dòng)作和時(shí)間上是一個(gè)整體時(shí),我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
must have done: 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè),常譯作“一定做了……”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為can't/couldn't have done 疑問(wèn)式為Can/Could...have done。 could /might have done:表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的可能性推測(cè),常譯作“可能做了……”。
如: 1) Sorry I'm late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will
該題前句說(shuō)明了結(jié)果,后句接著說(shuō)出了產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的可能性,對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。分析選項(xiàng)可知本題應(yīng)選A。
2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ____ your lecture. A.couldn't have attended B.needn't have attended C.mustn't have attended D.shouldn't have attended
該題前句敘說(shuō)一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,分析選項(xiàng)可知C是錯(cuò)誤的; 而B(niǎo)、D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。故本題選A。
又如:Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived C.can't have arrived D.need not have arrived (C)
2.當(dāng)試題的前后句在動(dòng)作和意義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí),常借助“but, however, instead”等詞來(lái)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與客觀事實(shí)不符,這時(shí)我們就可以用“對(duì)立”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。
這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的有:should have done / ought to have done:表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示過(guò)去本不應(yīng)該做某事但事實(shí)上卻做了。
need have done:表示過(guò)去本來(lái)有必要去做某事,但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做。
need not have done:表示過(guò)去本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事,但事實(shí)上卻做了。
如:
3) I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A.mustn't leave B.shouldn't have left C.couldn't have left D.needn't leave
分析該題前后句之間的關(guān)系和語(yǔ)氣可知,事實(shí)上是 “本不應(yīng)該離家出走卻走了”,故本題選B。
4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her. (NMET'94) A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
由句中的連詞but可知前后句之間是對(duì)立關(guān)系,分析題意可知本題應(yīng)選C。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析
考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法之間的比較和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常借助具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查考生對(duì)那些最常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做這樣的試題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境中所含的實(shí)際意義,并結(jié)合情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義和用法做出正確的選擇。
5) —Is John coming by train —He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. A.must B.can C.need D.may mustn't 表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不”。分析語(yǔ)境可知本題應(yīng)選D。
6) —I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I have a look —Yes, certainly. A.Do B.May C. Shall D.Should
分析語(yǔ)境可知這是在征求對(duì)方的許可,may表示“允許、可以”,語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。shall常用于第一、三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中,表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)和指示,如果此空用shall,則意為“要(我)看一下嗎”,不符合上下文意思。故本題選B。
7) Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony A.can B.should C.may D.must must be 表示肯定的猜測(cè),只能用于肯定句中,由題意可知本題應(yīng)選A。
8) —Are you coming to Jeff's party —I'm not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might
由題意和下句中的 “I'm not sure” 可知這段對(duì)話中存在一種可能性推測(cè),might可以用來(lái)表示一種比較委婉的可能性判斷,故本題選D。
又如:
I should have been there, but I _____ not find the time. A.would B.could C.might D.should
分析題意可知第二個(gè)分句表示過(guò)去的某種能力;C 項(xiàng)只表示語(yǔ)氣上的可能性,與題意不符。故本題選B。
9) Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself. A.won't; can't B.mustn't; may C.shouldn't; must D.can't; shouldn't mustn't 表示“不可以;禁止”,分析題意可知第二個(gè)空表示某種可能性,故本題選B。
10) —Will you stay for lunch —Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't
分析題意可知因?yàn)椤拔业艿芤獊?lái)看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此對(duì)別人的邀請(qǐng)或要求應(yīng)給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項(xiàng)表示“禁止”;C項(xiàng)表示“不必要”;而D項(xiàng)表示“不會(huì)”,均不符合題意。故本題選B。
又如:
—Could I borrow your dictionary —Yes, of course you _____. A.might B.will C.can D.should (C)
11)—When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They __be ready by 1200. A.can B.should C.might D.need
該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的基本含義,分析句意可知本題應(yīng)選B。
又如:
The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things ____ happen to him. A.might B.would C.should D. could C
12)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
該題考查了could和be able to的區(qū)別,二者都可表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的能力,但如果表示過(guò)去成功地做了某事只能使用was / were able to do,故本題選D。
13)—Shall I tell John about it —No, you ___.I've told him already. A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall在試題中表示征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示。答句暗示 “沒(méi)有必要了”,故本題選A。
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):助動(dòng)詞
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
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